ArticleScientific reports2016
Structural characterisation of human galectin-4 N-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain in complex with glycerol, lactose, 3'-sulfo-lactose, and 2'-fucosyllactose.
Article in Scientific reports, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- A glycosaminoglycan microarray identifies galectin-4 binding to sulfated glycosaminoglycans.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026Article
- Developing Galectin-3-Targeted Therapeutics in Diseases: Three Distinct Galectin-3 Segments for Targeting.Expert reviews in molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Inhibitory Effect of Fucoidan Analogs on Highly Metastatic Gastric Cancer Cells via Galectin-4 Inhibition.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Human Milk Oligosaccharides Multivalently Presented on Defined Synthetic Neo-Glycoproteins Are Nanomolar Ligands of Tandem-Repeat Galectins.Biomacromolecules · 2025Article
- Exploring galectin interactions with human milk oligosaccharides and blood group antigens identifies BGA6 as a functional galectin-4 ligand.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2024Article
- Galectin inhibitors and nanoparticles as a novel therapeutic strategy for glioblastoma multiforme.American journal of cancer research · 2024Review
- Galectin-9 as a Potential Modulator of Lymphocyte Adhesion to Endothelium via Binding to Blood Group H Glycan.Biomolecules · 2023Article
- Oligosaccharide Ligands of Galectin-4 and Its Subunits: Multivalency Scores Highly.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- A brief history of galectin evolution.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- 3'-sulfated LewisFrontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2023Review
- Binding of Glycerol to Human Galectin-7 Expands Stability and Modulates Its Functions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Modulation of the Gal-9/TIM-3 Immune Checkpoint with α-Lactose. Does Anomery of Lactose Matter?Cancers · 2021Review
- Article
- Galectin-4 N-Terminal Domain: Binding Preferences Toward A and B Antigens With Different Peripheral Core Presentations.Frontiers in chemistry · 2021Article
- Synthesis of Galectin Inhibitors by Regioselective 3'-Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Extracellular heparan sulfate proteoglycans and glycan-binding lectins orchestrateJournal of cell science · 2020Review
- Influence of sulfonated and diet-derived human milk oligosaccharides on the infant microbiome and immune markers.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2020Article
- Intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence spectroscopy reliably determines galectin-ligand interactions.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Exploring functional pairing between surface glycoconjugates and human galectins using programmable glycodendrimersomes.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2018Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Galectin-4 is a tandem-repeat galectin with two distinct carbohydrate recognition domains (CRD). Galectin-4 is expressed mainly in the alimentary tract and is proposed to function as a lipid raft and adherens junction stabilizer by its glycan cross-linking capacity. Galectin-4 plays divergent roles in cancer and inflammatory conditions, either promoting or inhibiting each disease progression, depending on the specific pathological condition. The study of galectin-4's ligand-binding profile may help decipher its roles under specific conditions. Here we present the X-ray structures of human galectin-4 N-terminal CRD (galectin-4N) bound to different saccharide ligands. Galectin-4's overall fold and its core interactions to lactose are similar to other galectin CRDs. Galectin-4N recognises the sulfate cap of 3'-sulfated glycans by a weak interaction through Arg45 and two water-mediated hydrogen bonds via Trp84 and Asn49. When galectin-4N interacts with the H-antigen mimic, 2'-fucosyllactose, an interaction is formed between the ring oxygen of fucose and Arg45. The extended binding site of galectin-4N may not be well suited to the A/B-antigen determinants, α-GalNAc/α-Gal, specifically due to clashes with residue Phe47. Overall, galectin-4N favours sulfated glycans whilst galectin-4C prefers blood group determinants. However, the two CRDs of galectin-4 can, to a less extent, recognise each other's ligands.
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