ArticleNature medicine2016
Partial restoration of the microbiota of cesarean-born infants via vaginal microbial transfer.
Article in Nature medicine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 439 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Vaginal Microbiome Seeding and Health Outcomes in Cesarean-delivered Neonates: a Randomized Controlled Trial
Section-Born Infants and SUccessful Health Outcomes After Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (SISU-FMT)
Who cites it
439 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 996 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prenatal Maternal Stress and Infant Gut Microbiome in Human and Animal Studies: A Comprehensive Systematic Review.Developmental psychobiology · 2026Pooled it
- Infant gut microbiota following cesarean section in the Middle East: a multidisciplinary expert consensus based on a targeted narrative review.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Pooled it
- Restoring Gut-brain Function by Medicinal Herbs Offering Neuroprotection through Suppressing Inflammatory Pathways: A Systematic Review.Current neuropharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Research focus and emerging trends of the gut microbiome and infant: a bibliometric analysis from 2004 to 2024.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Pooled it
- Cesarean section and the risk of allergic rhinitis in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2023Pooled it
- Is there a dysbiosis in individuals with a neurodevelopmental disorder compared to controls over the course of development? A systematic review.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- Effects of vaginal microbiota transfer on social-emotional and neurodevelopment in cesarean-born infants: 12-month follow-up of a pilot randomized clinical trial.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2026Trial
- The Effect of Probiotics on Health in Pregnancy and Infants: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.Nutrients · 2025Trial
- Effect of Probiotic Supplementation on the Gut Microbiota Composition of Infants Delivered by Cesarean Section: An Exploratory, Randomized, Open-label, Parallel-controlled Trial.Current microbiology · 2023Trial
- Trial
- A randomized controlled trial of the effects of whole grains versus refined grains diets on the microbiome in pregnancy.Scientific reports · 2022Trial
- A metabolite-dependent mechanism by whichGut microbes · 2026Article
- Microbial shifts in early life: the pediatric gut microbiome and its role in health and disease.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Perinatal Factors Associated with Neonatal Microbiome Development and Their Implications for Nursing Practice: An Integrative Review.Nursing reports (Pavia, Italy) · 2026Review
- Maternal and infant gut microbiome.iMeta · 2026Review
- Mother-to-offspring microbial vertical transmission: timing, determinants, and impact on offspring susceptibility to gastrointestinal diseases.Medical review (2021) · 2026Review
- The gut microbiome and ageing trajectories: mechanisms and clinical implications.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2026Review
- Early-life Gut Microbiota and Allergic Diseases: Immune Regulatory Mechanisms and Intervention Progress.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2026Review
- Gut Microbiome in Obesity: A Narrative Review of Mechanisms, Interventions, and Future Directions.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- Unique feeding profiles in children with pediatric feeding disorder and comorbid autism spectrum disorder: a retrospective cohort study.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
379 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Exposure of newborns to the maternal vaginal microbiota is interrupted with cesarean birthing. Babies delivered by cesarean section (C-section) acquire a microbiota that differs from that of vaginally delivered infants, and C-section delivery has been associated with increased risk for immune and metabolic disorders. Here we conducted a pilot study in which infants delivered by C-section were exposed to maternal vaginal fluids at birth. Similarly to vaginally delivered babies, the gut, oral and skin bacterial communities of these newborns during the first 30 d of life was enriched in vaginal bacteria--which were underrepresented in unexposed C-section-delivered infants--and the microbiome similarity to those of vaginally delivered infants was greater in oral and skin samples than in anal samples. Although the long-term health consequences of restoring the microbiota of C-section-delivered infants remain unclear, our results demonstrate that vaginal microbes can be partially restored at birth in C-section-delivered babies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.