Observational studyMedicine2016
White Matter Microstructural Integrity and Neurobehavioral Outcome of HIV-Exposed Uninfected Neonates.
Observational study in Medicine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Associations between Neuroimaging Measures and Cognitive Performance in Children, Adolescents, and Youth Living With HIV-a Systematic Review.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2025Pooled it
- The association between maternal immune activation and brain structure and function in human offspring: a systematic review.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Early neurodevelopment of HIV-exposed uninfected children in the era of antiretroviral therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The Lancet. Child & adolescent health · 2022Pooled it
- Application of Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) in the Diagnosis of HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND): A Meta-Analysis and a System Review.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- In utero exposure to HIV and/or antiretroviral therapy: a systematic review of preclinical and clinical evidence of cognitive outcomes.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2019Pooled it
- Interventions for developmental delays in children born to HIV-infected mothers: a systematic review.AIDS care · 2019Pooled it
- Brain Structure of South African Children Born to Mothers on Dolutegravir Versus Efavirenz-Based Antiretroviral Therapy.Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · 2026Trial
- Lower working memory and processing speed among children and youth exposed to HIV.AIDS (London, England) · 2026Article
- Persistent neuroimmune alterations in children who are HIV-exposed but uninfected at age 6-7 years: Associations with language development in a South African birth cohort.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Brain ultrasound radiomics identify textural differences in basal ganglia and white matter between full term newborns HIV-exposed uninfected and HIV-unexposed in Botswana.Early human development · 2025Observational
- Structural brain differences in school-aged children who are HIV-exposed uninfected.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Care of the Child Perinatally Exposed to Human Immunodeficiency Virus.Clinics in perinatology · 2024Review
- Feasibility of Brain Ultrasound Performed by Nurses in the Evaluation of Newborns Who Are HIV Exposed in Utero and Uninfected: A Pilot Study in Botswana.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Understanding the impact of congenital infections and perinatal viral exposures on the developing brain using white matter magnetic resonance imaging: a scoping review.BMC medical imaging · 2024Article
- Distinct alterations in white matter properties and organization related to maternal treatment initiation in neonates exposed to HIV but uninfected.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Association of in utero HIV exposure with child brain structure and language development: a South African birth cohort study.BMC medicine · 2024Article
- Distinct alterations in white matter properties and organization related to maternal treatment initiation in neonates exposed to HIV but uninfected.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Neurodevelopment among children exposed to HIV and uninfected in sub-Saharan Africa.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2023Article
- Maternal ART throughout gestation prevents caudate volume reductions in neonates who are HIV exposed but uninfected.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The successful implementation of prevention programs for mother-to-child human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission has dramatically reduced the prevalence of infants infected with HIV while increasing that of HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) children. Neuropsychological assessments indicate that HEU children may exhibit differences in neurodevelopment compared to unexposed children (HUU). Pathological mechanisms leading to such neurodevelopmental delays are not clear. In this observational birth cohort study we explored the integrity of regional white matter microstructure in HEU infants, shortly after birth. Microstructural changes in white matter associated with prenatal HIV exposure were evaluated in HEU infants (n = 15) and matched controls (n = 22) using diffusion tensor imaging and tract-based spatial statistics. Additionally, diffusion values were extracted and compared for white matter tracts of interest, and associations with clinical outcomes from the Dubowitz neonatal neurobehavioral tool were investigated. Higher fractional anisotropy in the middle cerebellar peduncles of HEU compared to HUU neonates was found after correction for age and gender. Scores on the Dubowitz abnormal neurological signs subscale were positively correlated with FA (r = 0.58, P = 0.038) in the left uncinate fasciculus in HEU infants. This is the first study to present data suggesting that prenatal HIV exposure without infection is associated with altered white matter microstructural integrity in the neonatal period. Longitudinal studies of HEU infants as their brains mature are necessary to understand further the significance of prenatal HIV and antiretroviral treatment exposure on white matter integrity and neurodevelopmental outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.