ArticlePloS one2016
Comparison of O-Antigen Gene Clusters of All O-Serogroups of Escherichia coli and Proposal for Adopting a New Nomenclature for O-Typing.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 75 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
75 citing papers in PubMed, 112 citations in OpenAlex.
- Analysis of the genetic and phylogenetic context ofApplied and environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- Deciphering the Implications ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Molecular epidemiology and structural diversity of O101/O162 O-antigen variants among Escherichia coli bacteremia isolates.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Establishment and optimization of anFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- The Bacterial Swiss Army Knife: ExPEC Utilizes Multiple Resistance Mechanisms to Counteract Host Immune Responses.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Generating STEC-SpecificViruses · 2025Article
- A retrospective global study of the prevalence of O-serotypes of invasiveEpidemiology and infection · 2025Observational
- Genomic Markers Distinguishing Shiga Toxin-ProducingPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Ghostbuster-A Western Blot-Based Panel Method to Resolve False-Positive Brucellosis Serology Test Results.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Investigating the adherence factors ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2024Article
- A microbiological and genomic perspective of globally collected Escherichia coli from adults hospitalized with invasive E. coli disease.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2024Observational
- PmrAB, the two-component system ofJournal of bacteriology · 2024Article
- Correlation ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Tracing the Evolutionary Pathways of Serogroup O78 Avian PathogenicAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The role of AJB35136 and fdtA genes in biofilm formation by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli.BMC veterinary research · 2023Article
- Exploring Long-Read Metagenomics for Full Characterization of Shiga Toxin-ProducingMicroorganisms · 2023Article
- Updates on the Virulence Factors Produced by Multidrug-ResistantMicroorganisms · 2023Review
- O-Polysaccharides of LPS ModulateMicroorganisms · 2023Article
- Elucidation of the O-antigen structure of Escherichia coli O93 and characterization of its biosynthetic genes.Glycobiology · 2023Article
- False Positives in Brucellosis Serology: Wrong Bait and Wrong Pond?Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2023Review
15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
15 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Escherichia coli strains are classified based on O-antigens that are components of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the cell envelope. O-antigens are important virulence factors, targets of both the innate and adaptive immune system, and play a role in host-pathogen interactions. Because they are highly immunogenic and display antigenic specificity unique for each strain, O-antigens are the biomarkers for designating O-types. Immunologically, 185 O-serogroups and 11 OX-groups exist for classification. Conventional serotyping for O-typing entails agglutination reactions between the O-antigen and antisera generated against each O-group. The procedure is labor intensive, not always accurate, and exhibits equivocal results. In this report, we present the sequences of 71 O-antigen gene clusters (O-AGC) and a comparison of all 196 O- and OX-groups. Many of the designated O-types, applied for classification over several decades, exhibited similar nucleotide sequences of the O-AGCs and cross-reacted serologically. Some O-AGCs carried insertion sequences and others had only a few nucleotide differences between them. Thus, based on these findings, it is proposed that several of the E. coli O-groups may be merged. Knowledge of the O-AGC sequences facilitates the development of molecular diagnostic platforms that are rapid, accurate, and reliable that can replace conventional serotyping. Additionally, with the scientific knowledge presented, new frontiers in the discovery of biomarkers, understanding the roles of O-antigens in the innate and adaptive immune system and pathogenesis, the development of glycoconjugate vaccines, and other investigations, can be explored.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.