Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26824065›Full record

ArticleScience advances2015

A new time tree reveals Earth history's imprint on the evolution of modern birds.

Santiago Claramunt, Joel Cracraft

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Science advances, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 126 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
126citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

126 citing papers in PubMed.

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  6. Phylogenomics redefines the evolutionary history of mosquitoes.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
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  13. Phylogenetic evidence supporting the nonenveloped nature of hepadnavirus ancestors.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024
    Article
  14. Calibrating the genomic clock of modern birds using fossils.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
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  18. Fast and Simple Molecular Test for Sex Determination of the MonomorphicAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Different Evolutionary Trends of Galloanseres: Mitogenomics Analysis.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024
    Article

66 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Santiago ClaramuntDepartment of Ornithology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024, USA.
Joel CracraftDepartment of Ornithology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Determining the timing of diversification of modern birds has been difficult. We combined DNA sequences of clock-like genes for most avian families with 130 fossil birds to generate a new time tree for Neornithes and investigated their biogeographic and diversification dynamics. We found that the most recent common ancestor of modern birds inhabited South America around 95 million years ago, but it was not until the Cretaceous-Paleogene transition (66 million years ago) that Neornithes began to diversify rapidly around the world. Birds used two main dispersion routes: reaching the Old World through North America, and reaching Australia and Zealandia through Antarctica. Net diversification rates increased during periods of global cooling, suggesting that fragmentation of tropical biomes stimulated speciation. Thus, we found pervasive evidence that avian evolution has been influenced by plate tectonics and environmental change, two basic features of Earth's dynamics.

Indexed as

avian evolutiondivergence timesdiversification ratesglobal biogeographyK-Pg mass extinction

Identifiers

PMID26824065
PMCPMC4730849

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.