Observational studyBMC cardiovascular disorders2016
Statin use associated with a reduced risk of pneumonia requiring hospitalization in patients with myocardial infarction: a nested case-control study.
Observational study in BMC cardiovascular disorders, 2016. The graph read 6 numbers from its abstract, feeding 2 cells of the map, but none could be read as for or against, so it casts no vote. It also reports 3 associations that do not count as treatment evidence, such as OR 0.75 (0.66 to 0.84) for adverse events & safety. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
Read, but not usablea number the graph found but could not read as for or against
However, the protective effect of a DDD90 of 0.5-1.0 (aOR 0.75, 95 % CI 0.66-0.84, P < 0.001) was closed to that of a DDD90 ≥ 1.0 (aOR 0.74, 95 % CI 0.63-0.87, P = 0.002) (Table 2).Table 2Association between statin use and the risk of pneumonia requiring hospitalizationControlsCasesCrude ORAdjusteda ORN(%)N(%)(95 % CI) P (95 % CI) P Sample size10,726(100.0)2,686(100.0)--Statin measurementAny statin ≤ 365 d Non-user3,041(28.4)835(31.1)1.00 (Ref.)1.00 (Ref.) User7,685(71.6)1,851(68.9)0.87 (0.78-0.95)0.0030.85 (0.77-0.95)0.004By recency Non-user3,041(28.4)835(31.1)1.00 (Ref.)1.00 (Ref.) ≤ 90 d (current)4,778(44.5)963(35.9)0.72 (0.64-0.80)<0.0010.75 (0.67-0.85)<0.001 91-180 d (recent)697(6.5)229(8.5)1.17 (0.98-1.39)0.0801.06 (0.87-1.28)0.570 >180 d (former)2,210(20.6)659(24.5)1.08 (0.96-1.23)0.1900.98 (0.86-1.12)0.810By DDD90 Non-user3,041(28.4)835(31.1)1.00 (Ref.)1.00 (Ref.) ≤ 0.5 DDD90 1,278(11.9)388(14.4)1.05 (0.92-1.19)0.5100.98 (0.85-1.13)0.760 0.5-1 DDD90 2,808(26.2)539(20.1)0.66 (0.59-0.74)<0.0010.75 (0.66-0.84)<0.001 > 1 DDD90 1,389(12.9)265(9.9)0.66 (0.57-0.76)<0.0010.74 (0.63-0.87)0.002 ACEI/ARB angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blockade, CHADS 2
Statin use was associated with a 15 % reduced risk of incident pneumonia requiring hospitalization after we controlled for all risk factors (aOR 0.85, 95 % CI 0.77-0.95, P = 0.004) (Table 2).
Among patients unexposed to pretreatment, statin users had a 24 % decreased risk of pneumonia hospitalization (aOR 0.76, 95 % CI 0.64-0.90, P = 0.001).
RESULTS: Statin use was associated with a 15% reduced risk of pneumonia requiring hospitalization among MI patients (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.85, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.77-0.95, P = 0.004).
For all patients with MI, fluvastatin and simvastatin had similar associations with the risk of pneumonia requiring hospitalization compared to atorvastatin (fluvastatin: aOR 1.14, 95 % CI 0.85-1.52, P = 0.390; simvastatin: aOR 1.19, 95 % CI 0.87-1.64, P = 0.283).
The association was more significant for MI patients unexposed to statin pretreatment (aOR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.64-0.90, P = 0.001).
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Where it lands on the map
Rows are treatments, columns are outcomes. The coloured squares are the cells this paper feeds, coloured by the vote it casts there. Click one to jump to what this paper adds to it.
What it adds to each cell
For every cell the paper feeds: the belief in the claim with and without this paper, and this paper's estimate drawn against every other readable study in the cell. The ringed dot is this paper.
Statins×adverse events & safety
No readable resultOpen on the map →What to test next →11 readable studies in this cell: 3 favour the treatment, 7 find no difference, 1 favour the comparator.
This paper's own estimate is on a different scale from the rest of the cell, so it is not drawn here.
Statins×cardiovascular events
No readable resultOpen on the map →What to test next →29 readable studies in this cell: 18 favour the treatment, 10 find no difference, 1 favour the comparator.
This paper's own estimate is on a different scale from the rest of the cell, so it is not drawn here.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Real-World Demographics, Clinical Characteristics, and Predictors of Persistence Among Males with Rett Syndrome Treated with Trofinetide.Advances in therapy · 2026Article
- Real-World Treatment Landscape of Individuals with Rett Syndrome Treated and Untreated with Trofinetide in the United States.Journal of health economics and outcomes research · 2026Article
- Statins, ACE/ARBs drug use, and risk of pneumonia in hospitalized older patients: a retrospective cohort study.Internal and emergency medicine · 2024Article
- How Long After Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery Can Patients Have Elective Safer Non-Cardiac Surgery?Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2024Article
- Effects of statins on clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia.The Journal of international medical research · 2020Article
- Incidence of aspiration pneumonia during hospitalization in Japanese hospitalized cases did not increase whereas concern factors were exacerbated in a time-dependent manner: analysis of Diagnosis Procedure Combination (DPC) data.Journal of clinical biochemistry and nutrition · 2018Article
- Suppressive effects of berberine on atherosclerosis via downregulating visfatin expression and attenuating visfatin-induced endothelial dysfunction.International journal of molecular medicine · 2018Article
- Do outpatient statins and ACEIs/ARBs have synergistic effects in reducing the risk of pneumonia? A population-based case-control study.PloS one · 2018Article
- The Use of Statins and Risk of Community-Acquired Pneumonia.Current infectious disease reports · 2017Review
- Characteristics of adult individuals with Rett syndrome treated or untreated with trofinetide in the United States.Frontiers in neurologyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The marked sentences are the ones the graph read a number from.
backgroundStatins have been reported to prevent adverse cardiovascular events in patients with myocardial infarction (MI). However, the association of statin use and the risk of pneumonia requiring hospitalization in MI patients remains unclear.
methodsA nested case-control study was conducted by using data from the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan. Among 24,975 patients with MI, 2686 case patients with pneumonia requiring hospitalization were age- and sex-matched with 10,726 control patients using the incidence density sampling approach. Duration and dosage of statin use were obtained from pharmaceutical claims. Conditional logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the risk of hospitalization for pneumonia associated with statin use adjusted for patient's demographics, medical conditions and prescribed medications.
resultsStatin use was associated with a 15% reduced risk of pneumonia requiring hospitalization among MI patients (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.85, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.77-0.95, P = 0.004). The association was more significant for MI patients unexposed to statin pretreatment (aOR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.64-0.90, P = 0.001). Statins also exhibited favorable benefits in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The results were consistent in various subgroup analysis of the patients who were female, age ≥ 65 years, a low CHADS2 (i.e. congestive heart failure, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, previous stroke and age > 75 years old) score, and fewer comorbidities. Atorvastatin, fluvastatin and simvastatin were the most common prescribed statins and had similar effects.
conclusionsStatins might be considered as an adjunctive therapy to reduce the risk of hospitalization for pneumonia for MI patients under thorough evaluation of individual comorbidities, previous statin use and optimal dosage.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.