ArticlePharmacoepidemiology and drug safety2016
Stimulant use for ADHD and relative age in class among children in Israel.
Article in Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review and meta-analysis: relative age in attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Relative age and ADHD symptoms, diagnosis and medication: a systematic review.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2019Pooled it
- Prescription prevalence of psychotropic drugs in children and adolescents: an analysis of international data.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2019Pooled it
- Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder late birthdate effect common in both high and low prescribing international jurisdictions: a systematic review.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2019Pooled it
- Neurodiversity-affirming SEA for ADHD: evaluation of an online program for parents and children in the ultra-orthodox Jewish community.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- Global Trends in ADHD Medication Use: Multiple Contexts and Rising Concerns-A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- What Drives the Non-Medical Use of Stimulants Among College Students? The Role of Self-Efficacy and Attitudes: A Cross-Sectional Study of Israeli Undergraduates.European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education · 2025Article
- Relative Age in School and Initiation of Speech Therapy in Children.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Trends in the Prevalence of Chronic Medication Use Among Children in Israel Between 2010 and 2019: Protocol for a Retrospective Cohort Study.JMIR research protocols · 2022Article
- Relative Age Effect in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder at Various Stages of the Medicalization Process.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Age within schoolyear and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in Scotland and Wales.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Relative Age Effect on Problematic Alcohol Use in Adolescents.Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology · 2021Article
- Influence of the month of birth on persistence of ADHD in prospective studies: protocol for an individual patient data meta-analysis.BMJ open · 2020Article
- What Differentiates Children with ADHD Symptoms Who Do and Do Not Receive a Formal Diagnosis? Results from a Prospective Longitudinal Cohort Study.Child psychiatry and human development · 2020Article
- Article
- Teachers' perceptions of behavioral problems in Dutch primary education pupils: The role of relative age.PloS one · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDiagnosis of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is increasing. The present study sought to identify characteristics and medication treatment patterns of children with ADHD and compare them by relative age in class, sex, ethnicity, family size, sibling order, and other socioeconomic status, as well as find trends in disparity of pharmacotherapy.
methodsThis study was based on data from 1 013 149 Clalit Health Services members aged 6-17 years during 2006-2011. Centrally acting sympathomimetic drug purchases were compared according to children's estimated relative age in class; youngest third (born August to November), middle third (born April to July), and oldest third (born December to March). Treatment trends were determined and compared according to sociodemographic and family-related factors.
resultsThe overall prevalence of stimulant use in the population was 2.6% in 2006 and 4.9% in 2011. The annual incidence of stimulant use increased from 0.75% to 1.36%, rising more sharply among children in the older age groups (≥12) than among younger ones. Moreover, the youngest third of children in class was more likely to use medication than the oldest third (risk ratio (RR) 1.17, confidence interval (CI) 1.12-1.23) or the middle third (RR 1.06, CI 1.01-1.11). Of the different ethnic sectors, incidence of stimulant use was highest among general Jewish (1.8% in 2011) and lowest among Arabs (0.37% in 2011).
conclusionsThe use of stimulant medication is growing among children in Israel. Although the overall use does not exceed the estimated prevalence of ADHD among children, the appropriateness of prescribing to the Israeli pediatric population, especially to the youngest children in class, may be questionable. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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