ArticleChild development
Epigenetic Regulation of Placental NR3C1: Mechanism Underlying Prenatal Programming of Infant Neurobehavior by Maternal Smoking?
Article in Child development. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review: the impact of maternal pre-and postnatal cannabis use on the behavioral and emotional regulation in early childhood.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- A systematic review of childhood maltreatment and DNA methylation: candidate gene and epigenome-wide approaches.Translational psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- Impact of Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy on Fetal and Neonatal Neurobehavioral Development: A Narrative Review.Rhode Island medical journal (2013) · 2026Review
- Review
- Evidence for neurobehavioral risk phenotypes at birth.Pediatric research · 2025Review
- From trauma to depression: structural, synaptic, epigenetic, and molecular pathways linking early stress to lifelong vulnerability.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Review
- Prenatal Stress and Socioeconomic Status as Predictors of Placental Methylation in Pregnant People.Merrill-Palmer quarterly (Wayne State University. Press) · 2024Article
- Epigenome-Wide Associations of Placental DNA Methylation and Behavioral and Emotional Difficulties in Children at 3 Years of Age.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- The Molecular Gut-Brain Axis in Early Brain Development.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Epigenetic Biomarkers Screening of Non-Coding RNA and DNA Methylation Based on Peripheral Blood Monocytes in Smokers.Frontiers in genetics · 2022Article
- Prenatal substance exposure and maternal hostility from pregnancy to toddlerhood: Associations with temperament profiles at 16 months of age.Development and psychopathology · 2021Article
- DNA methylome perturbations: an epigenetic basis for the emergingly heritable neurodevelopmental abnormalities associated with maternal smoking and maternal nicotine exposure†.Biology of reproduction · 2021Review
- Biobehavioral organization shapes the immune epigenome in infant rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta).Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2021Article
- Epigenetic Alterations of Maternal Tobacco Smoking during Pregnancy: A Narrative Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Review
- The placenta-brain-axis.Journal of neuroscience research · 2021Review
- Article
- Placental Studies for Child Development.Child development perspectives · 2019Article
- Microorganisms in the Placenta: Links to Early-Life Inflammation and Neurodevelopment in Children.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2019Review
- NeonatalFrontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2019Article
- The role of nicotinic receptor genes (CHRN) in the pathways of prenatal tobacco exposure on smoking behavior among young adult light smokers.Addictive behaviors · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation of the placental glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) was investigated as a mechanism underlying links between maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSDP) and infant neurobehavior in 45 mother-infant pairs (49% MSDP-exposed; 52% minorities; ages 18-35). The Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) Network Neurobehavioral Scale was administered 7 times over the 1st postnatal month; methylation of placental NR3C1 was assessed via bisulfite pyrosequencing. Increased placental NR3C1 methylation was associated with increased infant attention and self-regulation, and decreased lethargy and need for examiner soothing over the 1st postnatal month. A causal steps approach revealed that NR3C1 methylation and MSDP were independently associated with lethargic behavior. Although preliminary, results highlight the importance of epigenetic mechanisms in elucidating pathways to neurobehavioral alterations from MSDP.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.