ArticleScientific reports2016
Structure of a variable lymphocyte receptor-like protein from the amphioxus Branchiostoma floridae.
Article in Scientific reports, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Genome-wide comparison of the protein-coding repertoire reveals fast evolution of immune-related genes in cephalochordates and Osteichthyes superclass.Oncotarget · 2018Article
- Molecular mechanisms underlying the evolution of the slp76 signalosome.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- A method for facile production of variable lymphocyte receptors using SHuffle Escherichia coli.Biotechnology progressArticle
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Discovery of variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs) in agnathans (jawless fish) has brought the origin of adaptive immunity system (AIS) forward to 500 million years ago accompanying with the emergence of vertebrates. Previous findings indicated that amphioxus, a representative model organism of chordate, also possesses some homologs of the basic components of TCR/BCR-based AIS, but it remains unknown if there exist any components of VLR-based AIS in amphioxus. Bioinformatics analyses revealed the amphioxus Branchiostoma floridae encodes a group of putative VLR-like proteins. Here we reported the 1.79 Å crystal structure of Bf66946, which forms a crescent-shaped structure of five leucine-rich repeats (LRRs). Structural comparisons indicated that Bf66946 resembles the lamprey VLRC. Further electrostatic potential analyses showed a negatively-charged patch at the concave of LRR solenoid structure that might be responsible for antigen recognition. Site-directed mutagenesis combined with bacterial binding assays revealed that Bf66946 binds to the surface of Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumonia via a couple of acidic residues at the concave. In addition, the closest homolog of Bf66946 is highly expressed in the potential immune organ gill of Branchiostoma belcheri. Altogether, our findings provide the first structural evidence for the emergence of VLR-like molecules in the basal chordates.
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