ArticleJournal of pharmaceutical health care and sciences2015
Meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of Ginkgo biloba extract for the treatment of dementia.
Article in Journal of pharmaceutical health care and sciences, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 103 citations in OpenAlex.
- Natural Products in Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials and Underlying Molecular Mechanisms.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Can We UseCells · 2022Pooled it
- Treatment of dementia and mild cognitive impairment with or without cerebrovascular disease: Expert consensus on the use of Ginkgo biloba extract, EGb 761CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2019Guideline
- Polyphenol Health Effects on Cardiovascular and Neurodegenerative Disorders: A Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Pooled it
- Pragmatic open-label clinical trial investigating the treatment effects of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 on patients with vertigo and dizziness of various aetiologies.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Ginkgo Biloba for Alzheimer's Disease: From Mixed Dementia Trials to Biomarker-Confirmed Mild Cognitive Impairment-What Have We Learned over Two Decades, and Is There Finally a Bit of Hope?Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Natural Chiral Scaffolds in Alzheimer's Disease: Therapeutic Potential, Mechanism, and Clinical Aspects.BioMed research international · 2026Review
- Antioxidant Potential of Natural Extract ofLife (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- New Occurrence ofMicroorganisms · 2024Article
- Plants' Impact on the Human Brain-Exploring the Neuroprotective and Neurotoxic Potential of Plants.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Critical analysis of ginkgo preparations: comparison of approved drugs and dietary supplements marketed in Germany.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2024Article
- Article
- Review
- The Potential ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Article
- Review
- Complementary and Integrative Medicine for Neurocognitive Disorders and Caregiver Health.Current psychiatry reports · 2022Review
- The Multifaceted Role of Neuroprotective Plants in Alzheimer's Disease Treatment.Geriatrics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Ginkgolide B inactivates the NLRP3 inflammasome by promoting autophagic degradation to improve learning and memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease.Metabolic brain disease · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe benefit of Ginkgo biloba for the treatment of dementia remains controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Ginkgo biloba in patients with dementia in whom administration effects were reported using meta-analysis.
methodsWe searched MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane databases, and Ichushi for controlled trials of Ginkgo biloba for the treatment dementia. Clinical characteristics and outcomes were extracted. Meta-analysis results were expressed as standard mean differences (SMDs) in scores of the Syndrome Kurztest (SKT), Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog) for cognition efficacy, or odds ratios (ORs) for dropouts and adverse drug reactions.
resultsThirteen studies using the extract EGb761 met our inclusion criteria, which were duration of 12 to 52 weeks and daily dose of more than 120 mg, and included a total of 2381 patients. Meta-analysis was performed by using 9 of 13 studies, 7 of which used the SKT and 2 ADAS-Cog (dose 120 mg, 26 weeks) scores as efficacy parameters. In meta-analysis of all patients, SMDs (95% confidence interval [CI]) in the change in SKT scores (7 studies) were in favor of Ginkgo biloba over placebo (SMD = -0.90 [-1.46, -0.34]), but 2 studies that used ADAS-Cog did not show a statistically significant difference from placebo for ADAS-Cog (-0.06 [-0.41, 0.30]). For Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) subgroups, SMDs [95% CI] in SKT in the combined AD and VaD subgroup (-1.07 [-1.66, -0.47]) and AD subgroup (-1.36 [-2.27, -0.46]) were in favor of Ginkgo biloba over placebo. In terms of daily dose of Ginkgo biloba in the combined AD and VaD subgroup, SMD in SKT score in 240-mg daily dose groups was significantly greater than with placebo (-0.71 [-1.28, -0.14]). Dropout rates for any reason did not differ between two groups, but dropout rates due to side effects were significantly lower in Ginkgo biloba groups compared with placebo groups (OR = 1.72 [1.06, 2.80]).
conclusionsTaking a 240-mg daily dose of Ginkgo biloba extract is effective and safe in the treatment of dementia.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.