Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26819711›Full record

ArticleBMC obesity2015

Metabolic endotoxaemia in childhood obesity.

Madhusudhan C Varma, Christine M Kusminski, Sahar Azharian, Luisa Gilardini, Sudhesh Kumar, Cecilia Invitti, Philip G McTernan

Open access · hybridAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC obesity, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
3.1field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
  2. Article
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  5. Article
  6. Toll-like receptor 4 and myeloid differentiation factor 88 are required for gastric bypass-induced metabolic effects.Surgery for obesity and related diseases : official journal of the American Society for Bariatric Surgery · 2021
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. The initiation of metabolic inflammation in childhood obesity.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2017
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Madhusudhan C VarmaDivision of Biomedical sciences,, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, UHCW Trust, Clifford Bridge Road, Walsgrave, Coventry CV2 2DX UK.
Christine M KusminskiDivision of Biomedical sciences,, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, UHCW Trust, Clifford Bridge Road, Walsgrave, Coventry CV2 2DX UK.
Sahar AzharianDivision of Biomedical sciences,, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, UHCW Trust, Clifford Bridge Road, Walsgrave, Coventry CV2 2DX UK.
Luisa GilardiniDepartment of Medical Sciences & Rehabilitation, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Via Ariosto 13, 20145 Milan, Italy.
Sudhesh KumarDivision of Biomedical sciences,, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, UHCW Trust, Clifford Bridge Road, Walsgrave, Coventry CV2 2DX UK.
Cecilia InvittiDepartment of Medical Sciences & Rehabilitation, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Via Ariosto 13, 20145 Milan, Italy.
Philip G McTernanDivision of Biomedical sciences,, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, UHCW Trust, Clifford Bridge Road, Walsgrave, Coventry CV2 2DX UK.
University of Warwick · GBIstituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundChildhood obesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation considered as a precursor to metabolic disease; however, the underlying mechanisms for this remain unclear. Studies in adults have implicated gut derived gram-negative bacterial fragments known as lipopolysaccharide or endotoxin, activating the inflammatory response, whilst the importance in childhood obesity is unclear. The aim of this research is to understand the relationship between circulating endotoxin in childhood obesity, and its' association with inflammatory and cardiovascular (CV) injury biomarkers.

methodsFasted blood was obtained from children with varying degrees of obesity (age: 13.9 ± 2.3Yr; BMI: 35.1 ± 5.2 Kg/m(2); n = 60). Multiplex CVD biomarker immunoassays were used to determine systemic levels of inflammatory and vascular injury biomarkers, such as tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL-) 1β, 6, 8 and 10, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule type-1 (sICAM-1), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as well as endotoxin levels.

resultsEndotoxin levels demonstrated a significant and positive correlation with the markers for inflammation, vascular injury and atherogenesis (TNF-α: r(2) = 0.077, p < 0.05; PAI-1: r(2) = 0.215, p < 0.01; sICAM-1: r(2) = 0.159, p < 0.01; MMP-9: r(2) = 0.159, p < 0.01; MPO: r(2) = 0.07, p < 0.05; VEGF: r(2) = 0.161, p < 0.01). Males demonstrated significantly higher circulating endotoxin than females (Males: 9.63 ± 5.34 EU/ml; p = 0.004; Females: 5.56 ± 4.06 EU/ml; n = 60) in these BMI and age-matched cohorts.

conclusionThe present study demonstrates for the first time a significant association between circulating endotoxin and biomarkers of metabolic risk in children as young as 11 years. Thus, endotoxin-mediated sub-clinical inflammation during childhood obesity may be a key contributor to T2DM and CVD development later in life.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular injury markersChildhood obesityEndotoxinInsulin resistance

Identifiers

PMID26819711
PMCPMC4728817
OpenAlexW2266277770

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.