ArticleJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2016
Chronically Elevated Levels of Short-Chain Fatty Acids Induce T Cell-Mediated Ureteritis and Hydronephrosis.
Article in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 94 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
94 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 163 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gut microbial signatures and immunotherapy outcomes in NSCLC and melanoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC cancer · 2026Pooled it
- The modulatory role of short-chain fatty acids on peripheral circadian gene expression: a systematic review.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Pooled it
- Gut OncoMicrobiome Signatures (GOMS) as next-generation biomarkers for cancer immunotherapy.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2023Pooled it
- Distinct Gut Microbial Signatures and Diminished Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Schizophrenia With Immune Activation.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Article
- Short-chain fatty acids-a key link between the gut microbiome and T-lymphocytes in neonates?Pediatric research · 2026Review
- Therapeutic strategies for hypertension: exploring the role of microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids in kidney physiology and development.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Review
- Regulation of allergies across the body by microbial metabolites.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Targeting gut-liver-kidney axis: microbiota-derived metabolites and therapeutic implications.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- Metagenomic characterization of gut microbiota in rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease: taxonomic shifts and clinical correlations.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Microbiota-Gut-Kidney Axis and Targeted Therapeutic Strategies in Kidney Diseases.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Review
- Microbiota-dependent metabolites - New engine for T cell warriors.Gut microbes · 2025Review
- Gut microbiota in hepatocellular carcinoma immunotherapy: immune microenvironment remodeling and gut microbiota modification.Gut microbes · 2025Review
- Alteration of chromatin states perturb the transcription regulation of gene during hydronephrosis.Frontiers in genetics · 2025Article
- Article
- Double-side role of short chain fatty acids on host health via the gut-organ axes.Animal nutrition (Zhongguo xu mu shou yi xue hui) · 2024Review
- Critical role of the gut microbiota in immune responses and cancer immunotherapy.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2024Review
- Unravelling the Link between the Gut Microbiome and Autoimmune Kidney Diseases: A Potential New Therapeutic Approach.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Gut microbial metabolites SCFAs and chronic kidney disease.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Review
- Intestinal monocarboxylate transporter 1 mediates lactate transport in the gut and regulates metabolic homeostasis of mouse in a sex-dimorphic pattern.Life metabolism · 2024Article
- Short chain fatty acids facilitate protective immunity by macrophages and T cells during acute fowl adenovirus-4 infection.Scientific reports · 2023Article
34 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are major products of gut microbial fermentation and profoundly affect host health and disease. SCFAs generate IL-10(+) regulatory T cells, which may promote immune tolerance. However, SCFAs can also induce Th1 and Th17 cells upon immunological challenges and, therefore, also have the potential to induce inflammatory responses. Because of the seemingly paradoxical SCFA activities in regulating T cells, we investigated, in depth, the impact of elevated SCFA levels on T cells and tissue inflammation in mice. Orally administered SCFAs induced effector (Th1 and Th17) and regulatory T cells in ureter and kidney tissues, and they induced T cell-mediated ureteritis, leading to kidney hydronephrosis (hereafter called acetate-induced renal disease, or C2RD). Kidney hydronephrosis in C2RD was caused by ureteral obstruction, which was, in turn, induced by SCFA-induced inflammation in the ureteropelvic junction and proximal ureter. Oral administration of all major SCFAs, such as acetate, propionate, and butyrate, induced the disease. We found that C2RD development is dependent on mammalian target of rapamycin activation, T cell-derived inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-γ and IL-17, and gut microbiota. Young or male animals were more susceptible than old or female animals, respectively. However, SCFA receptor (GPR41 or GPR43) deficiency did not affect C2RD development. Thus, SCFAs, when systemically administered at levels higher than physiological levels, cause dysregulated T cell responses and tissue inflammation in the renal system. The results provide insights into the immunological and pathological effects of chronically elevated SCFAs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.