ArticleBMC psychiatry2016
Psychological and personality factors in type 2 diabetes mellitus, presenting the rationale and exploratory results from The Maastricht Study, a population-based cohort study.
Article in BMC psychiatry, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06702761 (Assessing the Prevalence and Severity of Depression Among Cardiothoracic Surgery Healthcare Workers in Baghdad Using the PHQ-9), which is not on this map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Assessing the Prevalence and Severity of Depression Among Cardiothoracic Surgery Healthcare Workers in Baghdad Using the PHQ-9: A Cross-Sectional Study
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 80 citations in OpenAlex.
- Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) and 2-item (GAD-2) scales for detecting anxiety disorders in adults.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
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- Internal factors related to self-management among type 2 diabetes patients during the COVID-19 pandemic as humanitarian emergencies: a scoping review protocol.Systematic reviews · 2025Article
- Mood Temperaments in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus.Health science reports · 2025Article
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- The association between Type-D personality and in vitro fertilization success among women with unexplained infertility.Pakistan journal of medical sciences · 2025Article
- The influence of cyclothymic and hyperthymic affective temperaments on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Structural analysis of social behavior: Using cluster analysis to examine personality profile associated with diabetes onset.PloS one · 2025Article
- Recurrent depression relates to worse outcomes than single episode depression among Hispanic adolescents with diabetes.Health psychology report · 2024Article
- Review
- Unity of Disease and Unity of Cure: An Evidence-based Perspective.Integrative medicine (Encinitas, Calif.) · 2023Review
- Correlates for the severity of suicidal risk in participants with common mental disorders with comorbid chronic medical conditions in rural primary healthcare settings in India.Indian journal of psychiatry · 2023Article
- Relationship between Type D personality and adverse health outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes: The parallel mediating roles of diabetes distress and social isolation.Nursing open · 2023Article
- Influence of state of health and personality factors of resilience and coping in healthy subjects and those with diabetes.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Comparative analysis of big five personality traits in obese and normal weight type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2022Article
- Multidisciplinary Team Care Delays the Initiation of Renal Replacement Therapy in Diabetes: A Five-year Prospective, Single-center Study.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2021Observational
- [Factors associated with quality of life in 747 patients with type 2 diabetes in Tongzhou District and Shunyi District of Beijing].Beijing da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Peking University. Health sciences · 2021Article
- Risk factors for severity of depression in participants with chronic medical conditions in rural primary health care settings in India.Journal of affective disorders reports · 2021Article
- Affective Temperament and Glycemic Control - The Psychological Aspect of Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2021Article
- The impact of type D personality on self-care of patients with type 2 diabetes: the mediating role of coping strategies.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundStrong longitudinal evidence exists that psychological distress is associated with a high morbidity and mortality risk in type 2 diabetes. Little is known about the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may explain this association. Moreover, the role of personality traits in these associations is still unclear. In this paper, we first describe the design of the psychological part of The Maastricht Study that aims to elucidate these mechanisms. Next, we present exploratory results on the prevalence of depression, anxiety and personality traits in type 2 diabetes. Finally, we briefly discuss the importance of these findings for clinical research and practice.
methodsWe measured psychological distress and depression using the MINI diagnostic interview, the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 questionnaires in the first 864 participants of The Maastricht Study, a large, population-based cohort study. Personality traits were measured by the DS14 and Big Five personality questionnaires. Type 2 diabetes was assessed by an oral glucose tolerance test. Logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the associations of depression, anxiety and personality with type 2 diabetes, adjusted for age, sex and education level.
resultsIndividuals with type 2 diabetes had higher levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms, odds ratios (95 % CI) were 3.15 (1.49; 6.67), 1.73 (0.83-3.60), 1.50 (0.72-3.12), for PHQ-9 ≥ 10, current depressive disorder and GAD-7 ≥ 10, respectively. Type D personality, social inhibition and negative affectivity were more prevalent in type 2 diabetes, odds ratios were 1.95 (1.23-3.10), 1.35 (0.93-1.94) and 1.70 (1.14-2.51), respectively. Individuals with type 2 diabetes were less extraverted, less conscientious, less agreeable and less emotionally stable, and similar in openness to individuals without type 2 diabetes, although effect sizes were small.
conclusionsIndividuals with type 2 diabetes experience more psychological distress and have different personality traits compared to individuals without type 2 diabetes. Future longitudinal analyses within The Maastricht Study will increase our understanding of biological and behavioral mechanisms that link psychological distress to morbidity and mortality in type 2 diabetes.
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