ArticleNature2016
Persistent HIV-1 replication maintains the tissue reservoir during therapy.
Article in Nature, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 425 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Lymphoid Tissue Pharmacology of Antiretroviral Drugs
Observational Study for the Evaluation of the Role of HIV-1 Tat Protein and Anti-Tat Immune Response in Peripheral Blood HIV Reservoir Dynamics
Who cites it
425 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 622 citations in OpenAlex.
- Safety and Efficacy of Long-Acting Injectable Agents for HIV-1: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2023Pooled it
- Doubling dolutegravir dosage reduces the viral reservoir in ART-treated people with HIV.eLife · 2026Trial
- Switching From a Protease Inhibitor-based Regimen to a Dolutegravir-based Regimen: A Randomized Clinical Trial to Determine the Effect on Peripheral Blood and Ileum Biopsies From Antiretroviral Therapy-suppressed Human Immunodeficiency Virus-infected Individuals.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2019Trial
- Cell heterogeneity contributes to the variable response of HIV-1 to latency-reversing agents.Science advances · 2026Article
- Capsid stabilization reprograms the nuclear fate of the HIV genome.Science advances · 2026Article
- Implications of RNA virus persistence for post-acute sequelae and chronic inflammatory syndromes.Nature immunology · 2026Review
- Multiplex engineering of rhesus macaque NK cells enhances homing to sites of HIV replication in B cell follicles.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- The Gut-Immune Axis in Treated HIV Infection: From Mucosal Damage to Chronic Inflammation and Therapeutic Opportunities-A Clinician-Oriented Narrative Review.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Contemporary antiretroviral pharmacology in the male genital tract: implications for HIV treatment and prevention.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2026Review
- Decoding HIV-1 Next Move Through Matrix Protein p17 Quasi-Species.MicrobiologyOpen · 2026Article
- Elucidating the kinetics of CRISPR-SaCas9 action to obtain effective HIV DNA excision with two gRNAs.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Viral Simulation Reveals Overestimation Bias in Within-Host Phylodynamic Migration Rate Estimates Under Selection.Molecular biology and evolution · 2026Article
- HIV persistence in tissues on dolutegravir-based therapy is not associated with resistance mutations to dolutegravir.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- Potential Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein on HIV-1 Reservoir in People Living with HIV.Viruses · 2026Review
- Ongoing lymphoid HIV production drives pyroptosis and GLP-1 counter-regulation in ART-suppressed infection.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Phylogenetics and molecular evolution to understand and curb the HIV pandemic.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- Modulation of IRF7-driven transcription as a strategy to control HIV-1 latency.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- A tissue microenvironment analogous to certain tumor microenvironments facilitates HIV persistence.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Inflammation at the maternal-fetal interface: a perspective on interacting risk factors for preterm birth in sub-Saharan African women living with HIV.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Targeting the pDC/IFN-I axis in HIV-1 immunotherapy.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2026Review
365 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 10 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Lymphoid tissue is a key reservoir established by HIV-1 during acute infection. It is a site associated with viral production, storage of viral particles in immune complexes, and viral persistence. Although combinations of antiretroviral drugs usually suppress viral replication and reduce viral RNA to undetectable levels in blood, it is unclear whether treatment fully suppresses viral replication in lymphoid tissue reservoirs. Here we show that virus evolution and trafficking between tissue compartments continues in patients with undetectable levels of virus in their bloodstream. We present a spatial and dynamic model of persistent viral replication and spread that indicates why the development of drug resistance is not a foregone conclusion under conditions in which drug concentrations are insufficient to completely block virus replication. These data provide new insights into the evolutionary and infection dynamics of the virus population within the host, revealing that HIV-1 can continue to replicate and replenish the viral reservoir despite potent antiretroviral therapy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.