Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26811809›Full record

ReviewIranian journal of public health2015

Prevalence and Cause of Self-Medication in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Article.

Saber Azami-Aghdash, Mohammad Mohseni, Manal Etemadi, Sanaz Royani, Ahmad Moosavi, Majid Nakhaee

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC
In one paragraph

Review in Iranian journal of public health, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
53citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
6.9field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

53 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 116 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  14. Exploring health seeking behaviors for common cold management.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2023
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  16. Review
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  18. Frequency and causes of self-medication in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis, North of Iran, 2018-2019.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2022
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Saber Azami-AghdashRoad Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Mohammad MohseniHealth Management and Economics Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Manal EtemadiHealth Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Sanaz RoyaniSchool of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Ahmad MoosaviDept. of Health and Community Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran.
Majid NakhaeeHealth Services Management Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Iran University of Medical Sciences · IRKerman University of Medical Sciences · IRTabriz University of Medical Sciences · IR

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundNowadays self-medication is one of the most common public health issues in many countries, as well as in Iran. According to need to epidemiological information about self-medication, the aim of this study was to systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence and cause of self-medication in community setting of Iran.

methodsRequired data were collected searching following key words: medication, self-medication, over-the-counter, non-prescription, prevalence, epidemiology, etiology, occurrence and Iran in Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Magiran, SID and IranMedex (from 2000 to 2015). To estimate the overall self-medication prevalence, computer software CMA: 2 applied. In order to report the results, forest plot was employed.

resultsOut of 1256 articles, 25 articles entered to study. The overall prevalence of self-medication based on the random effect model was estimated to be 53% (95% CI, lowest= 42%, highest=67%). The prevalence of self-medication in students was 67% (95% CI, lowest=55%, highest=81%), in the household 36% (95% CI, lowest=17%, highest= 77%) and in the elderly people 68% (95% CI, lowest=54%, highest=84%). The most important cause of self-medication was mild symptoms of disease. The most important group of disease in which patients self-medicated was respiratory diseases and the most important group of medication was analgesics.

conclusionThe results show a relatively higher prevalence of self-medication among the Iranian community setting as compared to other countries. Raising public awareness, culture building and control of physicians and pharmacies' performance can have beneficial effects in reduce of prevalence of self-medication.

Indexed as

CauseCommunity settingIranPrevalenceSelf-medication

Identifiers

PMID26811809
PMCPMC4724731
OpenAlexW2214010197

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.