SynthesisBMJ open2016
Infant feeding and risk of developing celiac disease: a systematic review.
Synthesis in BMJ open, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- The Long-Term Effects of Dietary Nutrient Intakes during the First 2 Years of Life in Healthy Infants from Developed Countries: An Umbrella Review.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2019Pooled it
- Systematic review with meta-analysis: breastfeeding and the risk of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics · 2017Pooled it
- Case Series: Is Celiac Disease Underdiagnosed in Korean Children?The Korean journal of gastroenterology = Taehan Sohwagi Hakhoe chi · 2025Article
- Breastfeeding and Non-Communicable Diseases: A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Environmental Factors Associated With Celiac Disease in Children in Southeast Iran: A Case-Control Study.International journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Vitamin D: An Essential Nutrient in the Dual Relationship between Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases and Celiac Disease-A Comprehensive Review.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Transfer of celiac disease-associated immunogenic gluten peptides in breast milk: variability in kinetics of secretion.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- From an understanding of etiopathogenesis to novel therapies-what is new in the treatment of celiac disease?Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- The Contribution of the Intestinal Microbiota to the Celiac Disease Pathogenesis along with the Effectiveness of Probiotic Therapy.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Update on the Pathogenesis of Enteropathy-Associated T-Cell Lymphoma.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Autoimmune Thyroid Disorders Are More Prevalent in Patients with Celiac Disease: A Retrospective Case-Control Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- The global burden of coeliac disease: opportunities and challenges.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2022Review
- Celiac Disease Revisited.GE Portuguese journal of gastroenterology · 2022Review
- Why are western diet and western lifestyle pro-inflammatory risk factors of celiac disease?Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Review
- Associations of breastfeeding with childhood autoimmunity, allergies, and overweight: The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2021Article
- Family socio-economic status and childhood coeliac disease seem to be unrelated-A cross-sectional screening study.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2021Article
- Human Milk Microbiota and Oligosaccharides: A Glimpse into Benefits, Diversity, and Correlations.Nutrients · 2021Review
- The Role of Early Programming and Early Nutrition on the Development and Progression of Celiac Disease: A Review.Nutrients · 2020Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo review the evidence for the association of breast feeding, breastfeeding duration or the timing of gluten introduction and the later development of celiac disease (CD).
designSystematic review.
methodsWe searched MEDLINE, via PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science, for studies published up to 31 August 2015 investigating the association of breastfeeding duration, breast feeding at the moment of gluten introduction or the timing of gluten introduction and the later development of CD. Prospective studies had to enrol infants/children at high risk of CD. For retrospective studies, participants had to be children or adults with CD. The paper quality was assessed by means of a GRADE score and the bias risk was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (for observational cohort studies) and Cochrane Collaboration's tool (for randomised trials).
resultsOut of 149 retrieved papers, 48 were considered in depth and 16 were included in this review (9 were prospective and 2 were interventional). We found that neither duration of breastfeeding nor breastfeeding at time of gluten introduction nor the delayed introduction of gluten during weaning were effective in preventing later development of CD.
conclusionsCurrently, there is no evidence on the optimal breastfeeding duration or the effects of avoiding early (<4 months of age) or late (≥ 6 or even at 12 months) gluten introduction in children at risk of CD. Accordingly, no specific general recommendations about gluten introduction or optimal breastfeeding duration can be presently provided on evidence-based criteria in order to prevent CD.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.