Trial reportThe Journal of infectious diseases2016
Oral Typhoid Vaccination With Live-Attenuated Salmonella Typhi Strain Ty21a Generates Ty21a-Responsive and Heterologous Influenza Virus-Responsive CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells at the Human Intestinal Mucosa.
Trial report in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Homologous and heterologous re-challenge with Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A in a randomised controlled human infection model.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2020Trial
- Trial
- Research progress on immunoprotective mechanisms of enteric fever and vaccine development.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- Intestinal Helminth Infection Impairs Oral and Parenteral Vaccine Efficacy.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2023Article
- Prophylactic and therapeutic insights into trained immunity: A renewed concept of innate immune memory.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Review
- Controlled human infectious models, a path forward in uncovering immunological correlates of protection: Lessons from enteric fevers studies.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- Evasion of MAIT cell recognition by the AfricanProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020Article
- Effect of the live oral attenuated typhoid vaccine, Ty21a, on systemic and terminal ileum mucosal CD4+ T memory responses in humans.International immunology · 2019Article
- Nonspecific effects of oral vaccination with live-attenuatedScience advances · 2019Article
- Association betweenHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2019Article
- Longevity of duodenal and peripheral T-cell and humoral responses to live-attenuated Salmonella Typhi strain Ty21a.Vaccine · 2018Article
- Respiratory virus-induced heterologous immunity: Part of the problem or part of the solution?Allergo Journal : interdisziplinare Zeitschrift fur Allergologie und Umweltmedizin : Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Allergie- und Immunitatsforschung · 2018Review
- Respiratory virus-induced heterologous immunity: Part of the problem or part of the solution?Allergo journal international · 2018Review
- Location Matters in Defining T Cell-mediated Immunity in Response toCellular and molecular gastroenterology and hepatology · 2017Article
- Systemic and Terminal Ileum Mucosal Immunity Elicited by Oral Immunization With the Ty21a Typhoid Vaccine in Humans.Cellular and molecular gastroenterology and hepatology · 2017Article
- Induction of Cell Cycle and NK Cell Responses by Live-Attenuated Oral Vaccines against Typhoid Fever.Frontiers in immunology · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundOral vaccination with live-attenuated Salmonella Typhi strain Ty21a is modestly efficacious, but the mechanisms of protection are currently unknown. While humoral and cellular immune responses are well described in peripheral blood, the cellular response at the intestinal mucosa has never been directly assessed.
methodsWe vaccinated healthy adults with Ty21a and assessed humoral and cellular immunity in vaccinated volunteers and controls after 18 days. Immunoglobulin levels were assessed in peripheral blood by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cellular responses were assessed in peripheral blood and at the duodenal and colonic mucosa by flow cytometry.
resultsWe demonstrate the generation of Ty21a-responsive and heterologous influenza virus-responsive CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells at the duodenal mucosa. All duodenal responses were consistently correlated, and no responses were observed at the colonic mucosa. Peripheral anti-lipopolysaccharide immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin A responses were significantly correlated with duodenal responses. The assessment of integrin β7 expression intensity among peripheral and duodenal T-cell subsets revealed varied capacities for mucosal homing and residence.
conclusionsThe breadth of duodenal cellular responses was not reflected peripherally. The direct evaluation of mucosal immune defense may yield functional correlates of protection and could provide insight into mechanisms that may be manipulated to enhance vaccine immunogenicity.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.