ArticleBMC pregnancy and childbirth2016
Socioeconomic inequalities in stillbirth rates in Europe: measuring the gap using routine data from the Euro-Peristat Project.
Article in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Trial
- The role of socioeconomic status and pre-pregnancy BMI in postpartum psychiatric episodes - a mediation study.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2026Article
- Socioeconomic determinants of extreme perinatal outcomes in Spain, 1996-2022.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Stillbirths in Colombia before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: analysis by geographic location and health insurance.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Socio-Economic Inequalities in Stillbirth and Preterm Birth Rates Across Europe: A Population-Based Study.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2025Article
- Risk factors associated with progression from pre-eclampsia to eclampsia: A prospective cohort study and population-wide data analysis.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2025Article
- The first 1000 days: the price of inequalities in high and middle-income countries.Pediatric research · 2025Review
- Evaluating Perinatal Health in Europe: A Comparison of Routine Population Birth Data Sources.Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology · 2025Article
- Mediators affecting the higher risk of stillbirth among foreign-born women in Sweden: A nationwide cohort study.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2025Article
- Perinatal outcomes in Malta between 2008 and 2022: a comparison of three 5 yearly epochs.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Paternal family history of premature atherosclerotic disease and perinatal death: A population-based cohort study.PloS one · 2025Article
- Maternal social deprivation and preterm birth: The PreCARE cohort study.Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology · 2025Article
- Socioeconomic disparities in changes to preterm birth and stillbirth rates during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic: a study of 21 European countries.European journal of public health · 2024Article
- Determinants of stillbirth among mothers who gave birth at Bishoftu General Hospital, Ethiopia: using a Bayesian logistic regression model.Frontiers in global women's health · 2024Article
- Unlocking the mechanisms of change in the MAMAACT intervention to reduce ethnic disparity in stillbirth and newborns' health: integration of evaluation findings.Frontiers in health services · 2024Article
- How does high socioeconomic status affect maternal and neonatal pregnancy outcomes? A population-based study among American women.European journal of obstetrics & gynecology and reproductive biology: X · 2023Article
- Anxiety and depression in pregnant women who have experienced a previous perinatal loss: a case-cohort study from Scandinavia.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2023Article
- Developing and testing a protocol using a common data model for federated collection and analysis of national perinatal health indicators in Europe.Open research Europe · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 10 institutions in 8 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPrevious studies have shown that socioeconomic position is inversely associated with stillbirth risk, but the impact on national rates in Europe is not known. We aimed to assess the magnitude of social inequalities in stillbirth rates in European countries using indicators generated from routine monitoring systems.
methodsAggregated data on the number of stillbirths and live births for the year 2010 were collected for three socioeconomic indicators (mothers' educational level, mothers' and fathers' occupational group) from 29 European countries participating in the Euro-Peristat project. Educational categories were coded using the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) and analysed as: primary/lower secondary, upper secondary and postsecondary. Parents' occupations were grouped using International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO-08) major groups and then coded into 4 categories: No occupation or student, Skilled/ unskilled workers, Technicians/clerical/service occupations and Managers/professionals. We calculated risk ratios (RR) for stillbirth by each occupational group as well as the percentage population attributable risks using the most advantaged category as the reference (post-secondary education and professional/managerial occupations).
resultsData on stillbirth rates by mothers' education were available in 19 countries and by mothers' and fathers' occupations in 13 countries. In countries with these data, the median RR of stillbirth for women with primary and lower secondary education compared to women with postsecondary education was 1.9 (interquartile range (IQR): 1.5 to 2.4) and 1.4 (IQR: 1.2 to 1.6), respectively. For mothers' occupations, the median RR comparing outcomes among manual workers with managers and professionals was 1.6 (IQR: 1.0-2.1) whereas for fathers' occupations, the median RR was 1.4 (IQR: 1.2-1.8). When applied to the entire set of countries with data about mothers' education, 1606 out of 6337 stillbirths (25 %) would not have occurred if stillbirth rates for all women were the same as for women with post-secondary education in their country.
conclusionsData on stillbirths and socioeconomic status from routine systems showed widespread and consistent socioeconomic inequalities in stillbirth rates in Europe. Further research is needed to better understand differences between countries in the magnitude of the socioeconomic gradient.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.