ArticleAnnals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine2016
Expectancy Effects on Conditioned Pain Modulation Are Not Influenced by Naloxone or Morphine.
Article in Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05161286 (The Influence of Expectations, Attention and Test Paradigm on the Efficacy of the Pain Processing System), which is not on this map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Influence of Expectations, Attention and Test Paradigm on the Efficacy of the Pain Processing System
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Differential Alterations in Offset Analgesia and Conditioned Pain Modulation in Fibromyalgia: Evidence for Distinct Central Dysregulation.European journal of pain (London, England) · 2026Article
- The impact of tetrahydrocannabinol on central pain modulation in chronic pain: a randomized clinical comparative study of offset analgesia and conditioned pain modulation in fibromyalgia.Journal of cannabis research · 2025Article
- Conditioned Pain Modulation in Patients with Hemophilic Arthropathy: A Cross-Sectional Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Pain profiles and variability in temporal summation of pain and conditioned pain modulation in pain-free individuals and patients with low back pain, osteoarthritis, and fibromyalgia.European journal of pain (London, England) · 2025Article
- The effect of expectancy on conditioned pain modulation: evidence from functional near-infrared spectroscopy.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Exploring the Impact of Affinity and Unpleasantness on Conditioned Pain Modulation among Healthy Individuals.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Spatial summation of pain is associated with pain expectations: Results from a home-based paradigm.PloS one · 2024Article
- Pain resilience, pain catastrophizing, and executive functioning: performance on a short-term memory task during simultaneous ischemic pain.Journal of behavioral medicine · 2021Article
- Conditioned Pain Modulation Effectiveness: An Experimental Study Comparing Test Paradigms and Analyzing Potential Predictors in a Healthy Population.Brain sciences · 2020Article
- What do you expect? Catastrophizing mediates associations between expectancies and pain-facilitatory processes.European journal of pain (London, England) · 2019Article
- Pain Modulation: From Conditioned Pain Modulation to Placebo and Nocebo Effects in Experimental and Clinical Pain.International review of neurobiology · 2018Review
- Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundRecent studies suggest that participant expectations influence pain ratings during conditioned pain modulation testing. The present study extends this work by examining expectancy effects among individuals with and without chronic back pain after administration of placebo, naloxone, or morphine. PURPOSE: This study aims to identify the influence of individual differences in expectancy on changes in heat pain ratings obtained before, during, and after a forearm ischemic pain stimulus.
methodsParticipants with chronic low back pain (n = 88) and healthy controls (n = 100) rated heat pain experience (i.e., "test stimulus") before, during, and after exposure to ischemic pain (i.e., "conditioning stimulus"). Prior to testing, participants indicated whether they anticipated that their heat pain would increase, decrease, or remain unchanged during ischemic pain.
resultsAnalysis of the effects of expectancy (pain increase, decrease, or no change), drug (placebo, naloxone, or morphine), and group (back pain, healthy) on changes in heat pain revealed a significant main effect of expectancy (p = 0.001), but no other significant main effects or interactions. Follow-up analyses revealed that individuals who expected lower pain during ischemia reported significantly larger decreases in heat pain as compared with those who expected either no change (p = 0.004) or increased pain (p = 0.001).
conclusionsThe present findings confirm that expectancy is an important contributor to conditioned pain modulation effects, and therefore significant caution is needed when interpreting findings that do not account for this individual difference. Opioid mechanisms do not appear to be involved in these expectancy effects.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.