ReviewThe journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences2016
Older Is Not Wiser, Immunologically Speaking: Effect of Aging on Host Response to Clostridium difficile Infections.
Review in The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Extended-pulsed fidaxomicin versus vancomycin for Clostridium difficile infection in patients aged ≥60 years (EXTEND): analysis of cost-effectiveness.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2018Trial
- Phase 1 Study To Assess the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of Multiple Oral Doses of DS-2969b, a Novel GyrB Inhibitor, in Healthy Subjects.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2018Trial
- Current Applications and Immunological Considerations ofMicroorganisms · 2026Review
- Challenges and Strategies in Managing RecurrentGeriatrics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Changes in the Epidemiology of Clostridioides difficile Infection.Infectious disease clinics of North America · 2025Review
- Clostridioides difficile Infection in Aged Mice Decreases Memory Function, Which Can Be Protected with Alanyl-Glutamine Supplementation.The Journal of nutrition · 2025Article
- Best Practices in the Management ofTropical medicine and infectious disease · 2024Review
- Article
- Characteristics of Patients With InitialOpen forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- A Real-World Study on the Clinical Characteristics, Outcomes, and Relationship between Antibiotic Exposure andAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Interaction of Clostridioides difficile infection with frailty and cognition in the elderly: a narrative review.European journal of medical research · 2023Review
- Gut microbiota diversity of hospitalized older adult patients with and without antibiotic-associated diarrhea.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2023Observational
- Fecal Microbial Enterotypes Differentially Respond to a High-fat Diet Based on Sex in Fischer-344 Rats.Journal of cancer prevention · 2021Article
- Antibiotic overuse in older patients: an important clinical reminder of pseudomembranous colitis.QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians · 2021Article
- Article
- Haematopoietic ageing through the lens of single-cell technologies.Disease models & mechanisms · 2021Review
- Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns inAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Challenges for Clinical Development of Vaccines for Prevention of Hospital-Acquired Bacterial Infections.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- High Prevalence of Genetically RelatedFrontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- Innate Immune Response and Outcome of Clostridium difficile Infection Are Dependent on Fecal Bacterial Composition in the Aged Host.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is the most common cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and a significant burden on the health care system. Aging has been identified in the literature as a risk factor for CDI as well as adverse outcome from CDI. Although this effect of advanced age on CDI could be partially explained by clinical factors associated with aging, biologic factors are important. Innate immune system, responsible for immediate response to acute infections, plays a major role in CDI pathogenesis. Impairment in function of innate immunity with aging, demonstrated in other infection models, may lead to worse outcome with CDI. C. difficile toxin-specific antibody response protects the host against initial and recurrent infections as shown in observational studies and clinical trial. Effect of aging on antibody response to CDI has not been demonstrated, but the results from vaccine studies in other infections suggest a negative effect on humoral immunity from aging. Although intestinal microbiota from healthy people confers resistance to CDI by preventing C. difficile colonization, changes in composition of microbiota with aging may affect that resistance and increase risk for CDI. There are also age-associated changes in physiology, especially of the gastrointestinal tract, that may play a role in CDI risk and outcomes. In this review, we will first discuss the epidemiology of CDI in the elderly people, then the alteration in innate immunity, humoral response, and microbiota that increases susceptibility to CDI and severe disease and lastly, the physiological and functional changes that may modify outcomes of infection.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.