SynthesisPloS one2016
Pro-Inflammatory Markers in Relation to Cardiovascular Disease in HIV Infection. A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Inflammatory Biomarkers Predicting Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in People Living With HIV: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2026Pooled it
- Evaluating the Efficacy of Psycho-Behavioral Interventions for Cardiovascular Risk among People Living with HIV: A Systematic Review and Meta-Synthesis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2024Pooled it
- Toxic Metals and Non-Communicable Diseases in HIV Population: A Systematic Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2021Pooled it
- Association between Immune Markers and Surrogate Markers of Cardiovascular Disease in HIV Positive Patients: A Systematic Review.PloS one · 2017Pooled it
- Patterns of Immune Activation in HIV and Non HIV Subjects and Its Relation to Cardiovascular Disease Risk.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Trial
- Beyond Statins: Role of Inflammation and Risk of Cardiovascular Events in HIV.JACC. Advances · 2026Article
- Cardiometabolic Status of Adults Living with HIV in Panama-Baseline Results of the Colón C3 Study.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Refining biomarker-based clustering of cardiovascular inflammatory phenotypes in HIV using Recursive Feature Addition: A comparative evaluation approach.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- Trained Immunity and Cardiovascular Risk: An Immunological Perspective.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- From viral persistence to lipid imbalance: Immunological drivers of dyslipidemia in HIV.Infectious diseases & immunity · 2025Article
- Greater Accumulation of Brain White Matter Hyperintensities in People Diagnosed and Treated During Acute HIV Compared With People Without HIV.Neurology · 2025Article
- Viremia Does Not Independently Predict Cardiovascular Disease in People With HIV: A RESPOND Cohort Study.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- The Era of DAAs: Assessing the Patients' Characteristics, Clinical Impact, and Emergence of Comorbidities in HIV/HCV-Coinfected versus HIV-Infected Individuals.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Quantification of subclinical plaque characteristics and perivascular fat using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) among individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2024Article
- Review
- HIV-Associated Hypertension: Risks, Mechanisms, and Knowledge Gaps.Circulation research · 2024Review
- Connection Between HIV and Mitochondria in Cardiovascular Disease and Implications for Treatments.Circulation research · 2024Review
- Article
- How we manage a high D-dimer.Haematologica · 2024Review
- Predictive Value of C-Reactive Protein/Albumin Ratio for Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with Acute Pancreatitis.Journal of inflammation research · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn the past years many inflammatory markers have been studied in association with clinically manifest cardiovascular disease (CVD) and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in HIV-infected patients, to obtain insights in the increased cardiovascular risk observed in HIV infection. This systematic review provides an oversight of the current knowledge.
methodsA search was performed in PubMed, Embase and Cochrane in July 2014, identifying all articles from 1996 onwards addressing the relation between inflammatory markers and CVD or CIMT in HIV-positive adults. Two authors, using predefined criteria, independently conducted the selection of articles, critical appraisal and extraction of the data. Analysis was focused on the immune markers that were most frequently assessed. The review protocol was registered in the PROSPERO database at 11 July 2014 (registration number CRD42014010516). This review was performed according to the PRISMA guideline.
findingsForty articles were selected; eight addressing cardiovascular disease (CVD) and thirty-two addressing CIMT. C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and d-dimer were assessed most frequently in relation to the occurrence of CVD; in four out of eight studies. All three markers were positively related to CVD in three out of four studies. Studies addressing CIMT were too heterogeneous with respect to patient populations, inflammatory markers, CIMT measurement protocols and statistical methods to allow for a formal meta-analysis to obtain summary statistics. CRP, IL-6 and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule (sVCAM-1) were the most studied markers in relation to CIMT. None of the inflammatory markers showed an association with CIMT.
interpretationThis review showed a relation between some inflammatory markers and CVD, however, no consistent relation is observed for CIMT. Statistical approaches that yields effect estimates and standardized CIMT protocols should be chosen. Further research should focus on prospective studies and a selected set of inflammatory markers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.