ArticlePloS one2016
Low Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels Are Associated with Dry Eye Syndrome.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vitamin D and Ocular Diseases: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- A prospective study to assess the role of vitamin D individually and in combination with cyclosporine in the treatment of dry eye in patients with deficient serum 25(OH)D levels.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2020Trial
- Dual crisis: environmental and economic unsustainability in NHS dry eye prescribing.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Association between systemic medication use and severity of dry eye signs and symptoms in the DRy eye assessment and management (DREAM) study.The ocular surface · 2024Article
- Thyroid gland dysfunction and vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism in keratoconus.Eye (London, England) · 2023Article
- Study of correlation between vitamin D3 levels and dry eye.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Resveratrol for dry eye disease - Hope or Hype?Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2023Review
- Dry Eye Disease: What Is the Role of Vitamin D?International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Outcomes of the addition of oral administration of curcumin-phospholipid to hyaluronic acid-based tear substitute for the treatment of dry eye disease.Frontiers in ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Association Between Vitamin Deficiencies and Ophthalmological Conditions.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2023Review
- Vitamin D, the Vitamin D Receptor, Calcitriol Analogues and Their Link with Ocular Diseases.Nutrients · 2022Review
- A study of the association between Vitamin D deficiency and Dry Eye Syndrome (DES) in the Indian population.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2022Observational
- Serum Vitamin D Levels and Status in Thai Optic Neuritis Subjects: A Case-Control Study.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2022Article
- A Novel Multi-Ingredient Supplement Reduces Inflammation of the Eye and Improves Production and Quality of Tears in Humans.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2021Article
- Relation of Dietary Fatty Acids and Vitamin D to the Prevalence of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction in Japanese Adults: The Hirado-Takushima Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- A Novel Integrated Active Herbal Formulation Ameliorates Dry Eye Syndrome by Inhibiting Inflammation and Oxidative Stress and Enhancing Glycosylated Phosphoproteins in Rats.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Conjunctival impression cytology and tear-film changes in cases with vitamin D deficiency.International ophthalmology · 2020Article
- Commentary: Dry eye syndrome and vitamin D deficiency.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2020Article
- Transcription Factor 4 Regulates the Regeneration of Corneal Endothelial Cells.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2020Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDry eye syndrome (DES) is a common tear film and ocular surface disease that results in discomfort, visual disturbance, and tear film instability with potential damage to the ocular surface. Systemic diseases associated with DES include diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, depression, anxiety, thyroid disease, allergic diseases, irritable bowel syndrome, chronic pain syndrome, and hyperlipidemia. Interestingly, it has been found that most of these are associated with low levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) or inadequate sunlight exposure.
methodsIn this cross-sectional data analysis, noninstitutionalized adults aged ≥19 years (N = 17,542) who participated in Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010-2012 were included. Information regarding duration of sunlight exposure was collected from the survey participants. Serum 25(OH)D and zinc levels were measured. The confounding variables were age, gender, sunlight exposure time, region of residence, obesity, serum 25(OH)D level, diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, depression, thyroid disorder, atopic dermatitis, history of ocular surgery, regular exercise, and walking exercise.
resultsMean serum 25(OH)D levels of subjects with and without DES were 16.90 ± 6.0 and 17.52 ± 6.07 (p<0.001). Inadequate sunlight exposure time (odds ratio [OR], 1.554; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.307-1.848), urban residence (OR, 1.669; 95% CI, 1.456-1.913), indoor occupation (OR, 1.578; 95% CI, 1.389-1.814), and low serum 25(OH)D level (OR, 1.158; 95% CI, 1.026-1.308) were the risk factors for DES. After adjusting for age, sex, obesity, diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, depression, thyroid disorder, atopic dermatitis, history of ocular surgery, regular exercise, and occupation, low serum 25(OH)D level (OR, 1.178; 95% CI, 1.010-1.372) and deficient sunlight exposure time (OR, 1.383; 95% CI, 1.094-1.749) were the risk factors for diagnosed DES.
conclusionLow serum 25(OH)D levels and inadequate sunlight exposure are associated with DES in Korean adults. These results suggest that sufficient sunlight exposure or vitamin D supplementation may be useful in DES treatment.
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