ReviewNature reviews. Neuroscience2016
The right time to learn: mechanisms and optimization of spaced learning.
Review in Nature reviews. Neuroscience, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03984201 (Accelerated Theta Burst in Chronic Pain), which is not on this map. Cited by 144 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Accelerated Theta Burst in Chronic Pain: A Biomarker Study
Who cites it
144 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effects of accelerated intermittent θ burst stimulation on depressive episodes and cognitive function in adolescents with bipolar disorder.BMC psychiatry · 2025Trial
- A sequential dual-site repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for major depressive disorder: A randomized clinical trial.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Trial
- Using Online Media to Increase the Awareness and Uptake of Preexposure Prophylaxis for HIV Among Asian-Born Men Who Have Sex With Men Living in Australia: An Open-Label Randomized Controlled Trial.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Trial
- Extended course accelerated intermittent theta burst stimulation as a substitute for depressed patients needing electroconvulsive therapy.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Trial
- Enhancing cosmetic suturing skill acquisition in surgical residents through spaced learning training: a randomized controlled trial.Annals of medicine · 2024Trial
- Randomised controlled trial comparing different intersession intervals of intermittent theta burst delivered to the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex.BMJ mental health · 2024Trial
- The effects of D-Cycloserine on corticospinal excitability after repeated spaced intermittent theta-burst transcranial magnetic stimulation: A randomized controlled trial in healthy individuals.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2023Trial
- The effects of high versus low frequency of combined physical and cognitive training on cognitive function in older adults with cognitive decline: a quasi-experimental study.BMC geriatrics · 2023Trial
- Enhancing Cognitive Restructuring with Concurrent Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: A Transdiagnostic Randomized Controlled Trial.Psychotherapy and psychosomaticsTrial
- Neurophysiological signatures of Stanford Neuromodulation Therapy in treatment resistant depression.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Using spaced repetition to teach histopathology significantly improves diagnostic skills: A randomized within-participant evaluation.Anatomical sciences education · 2026Article
- Article
- Spacing effect improves generalization in biological and artificial systems.Patterns (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Article
- The Right Time for a Synapse to Change: Windows and Mechanisms of Multiday Training Trials.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026Article
- The impact of an educational program on the electronic waste management knowledge and practices of dental interns: an interventional study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Duration between rewards controls the rate of behavioral and dopaminergic learning.Nature neuroscience · 2026Article
- Engineering Basal Cognition: Minimal Genetic Circuits for Habituation, Sensitization, and Massed-Spaced Learning.ACS synthetic biology · 2026Article
- Hippocampal GluN2A knockdown differentially alters spatial exploration and behavioral performance in male and female rats.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2026Article
- Exploring the effectiveness and awareness of Anki flashcard application on medical student's academic performance: a cross-sectional study from Saudi Arabia.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
84 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
For many types of learning, spaced training, which involves repeated long inter-trial intervals, leads to more robust memory formation than does massed training, which involves short or no intervals. Several cognitive theories have been proposed to explain this superiority, but only recently have data begun to delineate the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of spaced training, and we review these theories and data here. Computational models of the implicated signalling cascades have predicted that spaced training with irregular inter-trial intervals can enhance learning. This strategy of using models to predict optimal spaced training protocols, combined with pharmacotherapy, suggests novel ways to rescue impaired synaptic plasticity and learning.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.