ReviewVaccine2016
Benefits of using heterologous polyclonal antibodies and potential applications to new and undertreated infectious pathogens.
Review in Vaccine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Polyclonal Antibody Therapeutics: Analytical Innovations and Regulatory Perspectives for Addressing Heterogeneity Challenges.Analytical chemistry · 2026Review
- Antibody-based alternatives to animal testing for toxin detection and antitoxin evaluation.Frontiers in toxicology · 2025Review
- A comprehensive analysis of the major specificities of anti-human T lymphocyte porcine immunoglobulin (p-ATG).Annals of hematology · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 ferritin nanoparticle vaccines produce hyperimmune equine sera with broad sarbecovirus activity.iScience · 2024Article
- Article
- Polyclonal Antibody Generation against PvTRAg for the Development of a Diagnostic Assay forDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Diagnosis and Treatment for Shiga Toxin-ProducingToxins · 2022Review
- The role of chronic disease in the disparity of influenza incidence and severity between indigenous and non-indigenous Australian peoples during the 2009 influenza pandemic.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Polyclonal hyper immunoglobulin: A proven treatment and prophylaxis platform for passive immunization to address existing and emerging diseases.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Review
- Polyclonal F(ab')iScience · 2021Article
- Validation of the effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in older adults in "real-world" settings.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2021Article
- High neutralizing potency of swine glyco-humanized polyclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2.European journal of immunology · 2021Article
- Recommendations for Ensuring Good Welfare of Horses Used for Industrial Blood, Serum, or Urine Production.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2021Article
- Dromedary camels as a natural source of neutralizing nanobodies against SARS-CoV-2.JCI insight · 2021Article
- COVID-19 and Hyperimmune sera: A feasible plan B to fight against coronavirus.International immunopharmacology · 2021Review
- Review
- Hybridoma technology a versatile method for isolation of monoclonal antibodies, its applicability across species, limitations, advancement and future perspectives.International immunopharmacology · 2020Review
- Kidney involvement in yellow fever: a review.Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo · 2019Review
- The Unexpected Impact of Vaccines on Secondary Bacterial Infections Following Influenza.Viral immunology · 2018Review
- Antibody Preparations from Human Transchromosomic Cows Exhibit Prophylactic and Therapeutic Efficacy against Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus.Journal of virology · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPassive immunotherapy using polyclonal antibodies (immunoglobulins) has been used for over a century in the treatment and post-exposure prophylaxis of various infections and toxins. Heterologous polyclonal antibodies are obtained from animals hyperimmunised with a pathogen or toxin.
aimsThe aims of this review are to examine the history of animal polyclonal antibody therapy use, their development into safe and effective products and the potential application to humans for emerging and neglected infectious diseases.
methodsA literature search of OVID Medline and OVID Embase databases was undertaken to identify articles on the safety, efficacy and ongoing development of polyclonal antibodies. The search contained database-specific MeSH and EMTREE terms in combination with pertinent text-words: polyclonal antibodies and rare/neglected diseases, antivenins, immunoglobulins, serum sickness, anaphylaxis, drug safety, post marketing surveillance, rabies, human influenza, Dengue, West Nile, Nipah, Hendra, Marburg, MERS, Hemorrhagic Fever Virus, and Crimean-Congo. No language limits were applied. The final search was completed on 20.06.2015. Of 1960 articles, title searches excluded many irrelevant articles, yielding 303 articles read in full. Of these, 179 are referenced in this study.
resultsSerum therapy was first used in the 1890s against diphtheria. Early preparation techniques yielded products contaminated with reactogenic animal proteins. The introduction of enzymatic digestion, and purification techniques substantially improved their safety profile. The removal of the Fc fragment of antibodies further reduces hypersensitivity reactions. Clinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy of polyclonal antibodies against various infections, toxins and venoms. Products are being developed against infections for which prophylactic and therapeutic options are currently limited, such as avian influenza, Ebola and other zoonotic viruses.
conclusionsPolyclonal antibodies have been successfully applied to rabies, envenomation and intoxication. Polyclonal production provides an exciting opportunity to revolutionise the prognosis of both longstanding neglected tropical diseases as well as emerging infectious threats to humans.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.