ArticleJournal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society2016
Carbon nanotubes' surface chemistry determines their potency as vaccine nanocarriers in vitro and in vivo.
Article in Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nanomaterial-mediated functional remodeling of antigen-presenting cells: A novel strategy to break tumor immune escape.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- An Updated Perspective on Skin Disease Therapy: From Conventional Methods to Nanocarrier Innovations.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2025Review
- Nanomaterial Adjuvants for Veterinary Vaccines: Mechanisms and Applications.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Review
- The Application of Nanovaccines in Autoimmune Diseases.International journal of nanomedicine · 2024Review
- Comparison between Janus-Base Nanotubes and Carbon Nanotubes: A Review on Synthesis, Physicochemical Properties, and Applications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Progress in Vocal Fold Regenerative Biomaterials: An Immunological Perspective.Advanced nanobiomed research · 2022Article
- Review
- Current Prospects in Peptide-Based Subunit Nanovaccines.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2022Article
- Coronavirus and Carbon Nanotubes: Seeking Immunological Relationships to Discover Immunotherapeutic Possibilities.International journal of nanomedicine · 2022Review
- Safety Evaluation of Nanotechnology Products.Pharmaceutics · 2021Review
- Nanoparticle theranostics in cardiovascular inflammation.Seminars in immunology · 2021Review
- Carbon Nanotubes: Smart Drug/Gene Delivery Carriers.International journal of nanomedicine · 2021Review
- Advances and Perspectives in the Use of Carbon Nanotubes in Vaccine Development.International journal of nanomedicine · 2021Review
- Designing inorganic nanomaterials for vaccines and immunotherapies.Nano today · 2019Article
- Nanoparticle systems for cancer vaccine.Nanomedicine (London, England) · 2019Review
- Advances in Carbon Nanotubes for Malignant Melanoma: A Chance for Treatment.Molecular diagnosis & therapy · 2018Review
- Functionalised Carbon Nanotubes Enhance Brain Delivery of Amyloid-Targeting Pittsburgh Compound B (PiB)-Derived Ligands.Nanotheranostics · 2018Article
- Interactions Between Nanoparticles and Dendritic Cells: From the Perspective of Cancer Immunotherapy.Frontiers in oncology · 2018Review
- Dendritic cells in the host response to implanted materials.Seminars in immunology · 2017Review
- Dual stimulation of antigen presenting cells using carbon nanotube-based vaccine delivery system for cancer immunotherapy.Biomaterials · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have shown marked capabilities in enhancing antigen delivery to antigen presenting cells. However, proper understanding of how altering the physical properties of CNTs may influence antigen uptake by antigen presenting cells, such as dendritic cells (DCs), has not been established yet. We hypothesized that altering the physical properties of multi-walled CNTs (MWNTs)-antigen conjugates, e.g. length and surface charge, can affect the internalization of MWNT-antigen by DCs, hence the induced immune response potency. For this purpose, pristine MWNTs (p-MWNTs) were exposed to various chemical reactions to modify their physical properties then conjugated to ovalbumin (OVA), a model antigen. The yielded MWNTs-OVA conjugates were long MWNT-OVA (~386nm), bearing net positive charge (5.8mV), or short MWNTs-OVA (~122nm) of increasing negative charges (-23.4, -35.8 or -39mV). Compared to the short MWNTs-OVA bearing high negative charges, short MWNT-OVA with the lowest negative charge demonstrated better cellular uptake and OVA-specific immune response both in vitro and in vivo. However, long positively-charged MWNT-OVA showed limited cellular uptake and OVA specific immune response in contrast to short MWNT-OVA displaying the least negative charge. We suggest that reduction in charge negativity of MWNT-antigen conjugate enhances cellular uptake and thus the elicited immune response intensity. Nevertheless, length of MWNT-antigen conjugate might also affect the cellular uptake and immune response potency; highlighting the importance of physical properties as a consideration in designing a MWNT-based vaccine delivery system.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.