Observational studyBMJ open2016
Missed opportunities to offer HIV tests to high-risk groups during general practitioners' STI-related consultations: an observational study.
Observational study in BMJ open, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- HIV testing within general practices in Europe: a mixed-methods systematic review.BMC public health · 2018Pooled it
- Barriers to Care for Newly Diagnosed HIV Patients: Insights From a Single-Centre Study.AIDS research and treatment · 2025Article
- The roles of the general practitioner and sexual health centre in HIV testing: comparative insights and impact on HIV incidence rates in the Rotterdam area, the Netherlands - a cross-sectional population-based study.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Understanding the effect of an educational intervention to optimize HIV testing strategies in primary care in Amsterdam - results of a mixed-methods study.BMC primary care · 2023Article
- Community-based HIV testing through a general health check event in a high HIV-prevalent multicultural area in Rotterdam, The Netherlands: a pilot study on feasibility and acceptance.Pilot and feasibility studies · 2023Article
- Article
- Who is providing HIV diagnostic testing? Comparing HIV testing by general practitioners and sexual health centres in five regions in the Netherlands, 2011-2018.Sexually transmitted infections · 2022Observational
- Understanding Reasons for HIV Late Diagnosis: A Qualitative Study Among HIV-Positive Individuals in Amsterdam, The Netherlands.AIDS and behavior · 2021Article
- Monitoring Recently Acquired HIV Infections in Amsterdam, The Netherlands: The Attribution of Test Locations.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2021Article
- Identifying key elements to inform HIV-testing interventions for primary care in Belgium.Health promotion international · 2020Article
- Sexual behaviour and STI testing among Dutch swingers: A cross-sectional internet based survey performed in 2011 and 2018.PloS one · 2020Article
- Trends in HIV testing in the UK primary care setting: a 15-year retrospective cohort study from 2000 to 2015.BMJ open · 2019Article
- Prescription of antimicrobials in primary health care as a marker to identify people living with undiagnosed HIV infection, Denmark, 1998 to 2016.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2019Article
- Article
- Development and evaluation of a blended educational programme for general practitioners' trainers to stimulate proactive HIV testing.BMC family practice · 2018Article
- HIV testing week 2015: lowering barriers for HIV testing among high-risk groups in Amsterdam.BMC infectious diseases · 2017Article
- General practitioners' barriers and facilitators towards new provider-initiated HIV testing strategies: a qualitative study.International journal of STD & AIDS · 2017Article
- Motives and barriers to safer sex and regular STI testing among MSM soon after HIV diagnosis.BMC infectious diseases · 2017Article
- The importance of registration of sexual orientation and recognition of indicator conditions for an adequate HIV risk-assessment.BMC infectious diseases · 2017Article
- Missed opportunities for HIV control: Gaps in HIV testing for partners of people living with HIV in Lima, Peru.PloS one · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesPrior research has shown that Dutch general practitioners (GPs) do not always offer HIV testing and the number of undiagnosed HIV patients remains high. We aimed to further investigate the frequency and reasons for (not) testing for HIV and the contribution of GPs to the diagnosis of HIV infections in the Netherlands.
designObservational study.
setting(1) Dutch primary care network of 42-45 sentinel practices where report forms during sexually transmitted infection (STI)-related consultations were routinely collected, 2008-2013. (2) Dutch observational cohort with medical data of HIV-positive patients in HIV care, 2008-2013. OUTCOME MEASURES: The proportion of STI-related consultations in patients from high-risk groups tested for HIV, with additional information requested from GPs on HIV testing preconsultation or postconsultation for whom HIV testing was indicated, but not performed. Next, information was collected on the profile of HIV-positive patients entering specialised HIV care following diagnosis by GPs.
resultsInitially, an HIV test was reported (360/907) in 40% of STI-related consultations in high-risk groups. Additionally, in 26% of consultations an HIV test had been performed in previous or follow-up consultations or at different STI-care facilities. The main reasons for not testing were perceived insignificant risk; 'too' recent risk according to GPs or the reluctance of patients. The initiative of the patient was a strong determinant for HIV testing. GPs diagnosed about one third of all newly found cases of HIV. Compared with STI clinics, HIV-positive patients diagnosed in general practice were more likely to be older, female, heterosexual male or sub-Saharan African.
conclusionsIn one-third of the STI-related consultations of persons from high-risk groups, no HIV test was performed in primary care, which is lower than previously reported. Risk-based testing has intrinsic limitations and implementation of new additional strategies in primary care is warranted.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.