ArticleParasites & vectors2016
Whipworms in humans and pigs: origins and demography.
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Widespread Trichuris incognita reveals hidden diversity and reshapes understanding of human whipworm infections.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Occurrence of multiple infections of rodents with parasites and bacteria in the Sibang Arboretum, Libreville, Gabon.Veterinary world · 2024Article
- Prevalences and Characteristics ofJournal of veterinary research · 2022Article
- Population genomics of ancient and modern Trichuris trichiura.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Trichuris trichiura egg extract proteome reveals potential diagnostic targets and immunomodulators.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
- Article
- Nuclear and Mitochondrial Data onLife (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Trichuris trichiura isolated from Macaca sylvanus: morphological, biometrical, and molecular study.BMC veterinary research · 2020Article
- Whipworm and roundworm infections.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2020Review
- Should monkeys wash their hands and feet: A pilot-study on sources of zoonotic parasite exposure.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2019Article
- Genetic characterisation and phylogenetic status of whipworms (Trichuris spp.) from captive non-human primates in China, determined by nuclear and mitochondrial sequencing.Parasites & vectors · 2018Article
- Probiotics for the Control of Helminth Zoonosis.Journal of veterinary medicine · 2018Review
- Ancient DNA from latrines in Northern Europe and the Middle East (500 BC-1700 AD) reveals past parasites and diet.PloS one · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 7 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTrichuris suis and T. trichiura are two different whipworm species that infect pigs and humans, respectively. T. suis is found in pigs worldwide while T. trichiura is responsible for nearly 460 million infections in people, mainly in areas of poor sanitation in tropical and subtropical areas. The evolutionary relationship and the historical factors responsible for this worldwide distribution are poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to reconstruct the demographic history of Trichuris in humans and pigs, the evolutionary origin of Trichuris in these hosts and factors responsible for parasite dispersal globally.
methodsParts of the mitochondrial nad1 and rrnL genes were sequenced followed by population genetic and phylogenetic analyses. Populations of Trichuris examined were recovered from humans (n = 31), pigs (n = 58) and non-human primates (n = 49) in different countries on different continents, namely Denmark, USA, Uganda, Ecuador, China and St. Kitts (Caribbean). Additional sequences available from GenBank were incorporated into the analyses.
resultsWe found no differentiation between human-derived Trichuris in Uganda and the majority of the Trichuris samples from non-human primates suggesting a common African origin of the parasite, which then was transmitted to Asia and further to South America. On the other hand, there was no differentiation between pig-derived Trichuris from Europe and the New World suggesting dispersal relates to human activities by transporting pigs and their parasites through colonisation and trade. Evidence for recent pig transport from China to Ecuador and from Europe to Uganda was also observed from their parasites. In contrast, there was high genetic differentiation between the pig Trichuris in Denmark and China in concordance with the host genetics.
conclusionsWe found evidence for an African origin of T. trichiura which were then transmitted with human ancestors to Asia and further to South America. A host shift to pigs may have occurred in Asia from where T. suis seems to have been transmitted globally by a combination of natural host dispersal and anthropogenic factors.
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