ArticlePloS one2016
Innovation in Evaluating the Impact of Integrated Service-Delivery: The Integra Indexes of HIV and Reproductive Health Integration.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of Integrated Services on HIV Testing: A Nonrandomized Trial among Kenyan Family Planning Clients.Studies in family planning · 2017Trial
- Integration measurement and its applications in low- and middle-income country health systems: a scoping review.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Influence of family planning and immunization services integration on contraceptive use and family planning information and knowledge among clients: A cross-sectional analysis in urban Nigeria.Frontiers in global women's health · 2022Article
- Facility-level characteristics associated with family planning and child immunization services integration in urban areas of Nigeria: a longitudinal analysis.BMC public health · 2021Article
- Costs of integrating HIV self-testing in public health facilities in Malawi, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe.BMJ global health · 2021Article
- Development of integration indexes to determine the extent of family planning and child immunization services integration in health facilities in urban areas of Nigeria.Reproductive health · 2021Article
- Health Care Providers as Agents of Change: Integrating PrEP With Other Sexual and Reproductive Health Services for Adolescent Girls and Young Women.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2021Article
- Characteristics of successful integrated family planning and maternal and child health services: Findings from a mixed-method, descriptive evaluation.F1000Research · 2019Article
- Integration of HIV-Sexual Reproductive Health Services for Young People and the Barriers at Public Health Facilities in Mbarara Municipality, Southwestern Uganda: A Qualitative Assessment.International journal of reproductive medicine · 2019Article
- Article
- Integration of HIV and reproductive health services in public sector facilities: analysis of client flow data over time in Kenya.BMJ global health · 2018Article
- Does service integration improve technical quality of care in low-resource settings? An evaluation of a model integrating HIV care into family planning services in Kenya.Health policy and planning · 2017Article
- Health systems and the SDGs: lessons from a joint HIV and sexual and reproductive health and rights response.Health policy and planning · 2017Article
- Impact of integration of sexual and reproductive health services on consultation duration times: results from the Integra Initiative.Health policy and planning · 2017Article
- Numbers, systems, people: how interactions influence integration. Insights from case studies of HIV and reproductive health services delivery in Kenya.Health policy and planning · 2017Article
- The patient costs of care for those with TB and HIV: a cross-sectional study from South Africa.Health policy and planning · 2017Article
- Fertility intentions and contraceptive practices among clinic-users living with HIV in Kenya: a mixed methods study.BMC public health · 2017Article
- The Current Status of Research on the Integration of Sexual and Reproductive Health and HIV Services.Studies in family planning · 2017Article
- Emtonjeni-A Structural Intervention to Integrate Sexual and Reproductive Health into Public Sector HIV Care in Cape Town, South Africa: Results of a Phase II Study.AIDS and behavior · 2017Article
- Beyond menstrual hygiene: addressing vaginal bleeding throughout the life course in low and middle-income countries.BMJ global health · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe body of knowledge on evaluating complex interventions for integrated healthcare lacks both common definitions of 'integrated service delivery' and standard measures of impact. Using multiple data sources in combination with statistical modelling the aim of this study is to develop a measure of HIV-reproductive health (HIV-RH) service integration that can be used to assess the degree of service integration, and the degree to which integration may have health benefits to clients, or reduce service costs. METHODS AND
findingsData were drawn from the Integra Initiative's client flow (8,263 clients in Swaziland and 25,539 in Kenya) and costing tools implemented between 2008-2012 in 40 clinics providing RH services in Kenya and Swaziland. We used latent variable measurement models to derive dimensions of HIV-RH integration using these data, which quantified the extent and type of integration between HIV and RH services in Kenya and Swaziland. The modelling produced two clear and uncorrelated dimensions of integration at facility level leading to the development of two sub-indexes: a Structural Integration Index (integrated physical and human resource infrastructure) and a Functional Integration Index (integrated delivery of services to clients). The findings highlight the importance of multi-dimensional assessments of integration, suggesting that structural integration is not sufficient to achieve the integrated delivery of care to clients--i.e. "functional integration".
conclusionsThese Indexes are an important methodological contribution for evaluating complex multi-service interventions. They help address the need to broaden traditional evaluations of integrated HIV-RH care through the incorporation of a functional integration measure, to avoid misleading conclusions on its 'impact' on health outcomes. This is particularly important for decision-makers seeking to promote integration in resource constrained environments.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.