ArticlePloS one2016
Whole-Body Diffusion-Weighted Imaging in Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis in Children.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging in children - how and why? A systematic review.Pediatric radiology · 2021Pooled it
- Clinico-Radiologic Spectrum and Outcomes of Chronic Non-Infectious Osteomyelitis: Experience from India.Indian journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- The quiet flame: whole-body MRI and the underestimated burden of pediatric chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis (CNO).European journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging in rheumatology: advancements, key applications and future perspectives.La Radiologia medica · 2026Review
- Chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis: a typical case and review.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Review
- Chronic Non-Bacterial Osteomyelitis (CNO) in a Tertiary Center in Southern Italy: Response to Treatment and Outcome Stratification.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Chronic Noninfectious Osteomyelitis: A Review of Imaging Findings.The Indian journal of radiology & imaging · 2025Article
- Quantitative and longitudinal assessment of human placental inflammation using diffusion basis spectrum imaging.npj women's health · 2025Article
- Treatment Effect of Zoledronic Acid in Chronic Non-bacterial Osteomyelitis of the Jaw: A Case Series.Calcified tissue international · 2024Article
- State of the art in the diagnostic evaluation of osteomyelitis: exploring the role of advanced MRI sequences-a narrative review.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2024Review
- Bone marrow edema in children: chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis and its mimickers.Therapeutic advances in musculoskeletal disease · 2024Review
- Chronic nonbacterial monoarticular osteomyelitis of the elbow.JSES reviews, reports, and techniques · 2022Article
- Chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis in children: a multicentre Belgian cohort of 30 children.Pediatric rheumatology online journal · 2022Article
- Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging findings and patterns of chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis in a series of Greek pediatric patients.Acta radiologica open · 2022Article
- Benefits of diffusion-weighted imaging in pediatric acute osteoarticular infections.Pediatric radiology · 2022Article
- MRI in the Diagnosis and Treatment Response Assessment of Chronic Nonbacterial Osteomyelitis in Children and Adolescents.Current rheumatology reports · 2022Review
- Whole-body MRI in children: state of the art.BJR open · 2022Review
- Diffusion-weighted MR imaging in chronic non-bacterial osteitis: Proof-of-concept of the apparent diffusion coefficient as an outcome measure.Acta radiologica open · 2021Article
- Assessment of disease activity using a whole-body MRI derived radiological activity index in chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis.Pediatric rheumatology online journal · 2021Article
- Imaging in non-bacterial osteomyelitis in children and adolescents: diagnosis, differential diagnosis and follow-up-an educational review based on a literature survey and own clinical experiences.Insights into imaging · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveChronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis/ chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis (CRMO/ CNO) is a rare auto-inflammatory disease and typically manifests in terms of musculoskeletal pain. Because of a high frequency of musculoskeletal disorders in children/ adolescents, it can be quite challenging to distinguish CRMO/ CNO from nonspecific musculoskeletal pain or from malignancies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the visibility of CRMO lesions in a whole-body diffusion-weighted imaging (WB-DWI) technique and its potential clinical value to better characterize MR-visible lesions. MATERIAL AND
methodsWhole-body imaging at 3T was performed in 16 patients (average: 13 years) with confirmed CRMO. The protocol included 2D Short Tau Inversion Recovery (STIR) imaging in coronal and axial orientation as well as diffusion-weighted imaging in axial orientation. Visibility of lesions in DWI and STIR was evaluated by two readers in consensus. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) was measured for every lesion and corresponding reference locations.
resultsA total of 33 lesions (on average 2 per patient) visible in STIR and DWI images (b = 800 s/mm2 and ADC maps) were included, predominantly located in the long bones. With a mean value of 1283 mm2/s in lesions, the ADC was significantly higher than in corresponding reference regions (782 mm2/s). By calculating the ratio (lesion to reference), 82% of all lesions showed a relative signal increase of 10% or higher and 76% (25 lesions) showed a signal increase of more than 15%. The median relative signal increase was 69%.
conclusionThis study shows that WB-DWI can be reliably performed in children at 3T and predominantly, the ADC values were substantially elevated in CRMO lesions. WB-DWI in conjunction with clinical data is seen as a promising technique to distinguish benign inflammatory processes (in terms of increased ADC values) from particular malignancies.
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