ReviewEndocrine reviews2016
TSH Receptor Cleavage Into Subunits and Shedding of the A-Subunit; A Molecular and Clinical Perspective.
Review in Endocrine reviews, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 36 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 83 citations in OpenAlex.
- Thyroid-Originating Extracellular Vesicles Harbor Thyroid-Specific Biomarkers with Potential Relevance for Thyroid Cancer Recurrence Detection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Reduced glycoprotein hormone β5 links male aging and testosterone decline to increased adiposity.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- Expression, immunogenicity and clinical significance analysis of thyroid‑stimulating hormone receptor fusion proteins.Molecular medicine reports · 2025Article
- Expression of the Extracellular Domain of the Thyrotropin Receptor Based on mRNA Isolated from Thyroid Tissue and Whole Blood of Patients with Toxic Diffuse Goiter (Graves' Disease).Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine · 2025Article
- Exploring antigenic variation in autoimmune endocrinopathy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- STAT6 blockade ameliorates thyroid function in Graves' disease via downregulation of the sodium/iodide symporter.Endocrine connections · 2024Article
- Peptidomic profiling of endogenous peptides in the spleens of mouse models of Graves' disease.Heliyon · 2024Article
- The Usefulness of Thyroid Antibodies in the Diagnostic Approach to Autoimmune Thyroid Disease.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- A review of TSHR- and IGF-1R-related pathogenesis and treatment of Graves' orbitopathy.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Article
- A U-shaped association between serum albumin with total triiodothyronine in adults.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2022Article
- 2021 update on thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2022Review
- Intrathyroidal feedforward and feedback network regulating thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Review
- The Mysterious Universe of the TSH Receptor.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Review
- Amino acid sequence homology between thyroid autoantigens and central nervous system proteins: Implications for the steroid-responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis.Journal of clinical & translational endocrinology · 2021Article
- The association between serum adenosine deaminase levels and Graves' disease.Endocrine connections · 2021Article
- Implications of an Improved Model of the TSH Receptor Transmembrane Domain (TSHR-TMD-TRIO).Endocrinology · 2021Article
- Characterization of Novel Human Immortalized Thyroid Follicular Epithelial Cell Lines.Applied in vitro toxicology · 2021Article
- GPR37 is processed in the N-terminal ectodomain by ADAM10 and furin.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2021Article
- Is There Evidence for IGF1R-Stimulating Abs in Graves' Orbitopathy Pathogenesis?International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The TSH receptor (TSHR) on the surface of thyrocytes is unique among the glycoprotein hormone receptors in comprising two subunits: an extracellular A-subunit, and a largely transmembrane and cytosolic B-subunit. Unlike its ligand TSH, whose subunits are encoded by two genes, the TSHR is expressed as a single polypeptide that subsequently undergoes intramolecular cleavage into disulfide-linked subunits. Cleavage is associated with removal of a C-peptide region, a mechanism similar in some respects to insulin cleavage into disulfide linked A- and B-subunits with loss of a C-peptide region. The potential pathophysiological importance of TSHR cleavage into A- and B-subunits is that some A-subunits are shed from the cell surface. Considerable experimental evidence supports the concept that A-subunit shedding in genetically susceptible individuals is a factor contributing to the induction and/or affinity maturation of pathogenic thyroid-stimulating autoantibodies, the direct cause of Graves' disease. The noncleaving gonadotropin receptors are not associated with autoantibodies that induce a "Graves' disease of the gonads." We also review herein current information on the location of the cleavage sites, the enzyme(s) responsible for cleavage, the mechanism by which A-subunits are shed, and the effects of cleavage on receptor signaling.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.