Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26798449›Full record

ArticleEvoDevo2016

Developmental basis of phenotypic integration in two Lake Malawi cichlids.

Pierre Le Pabic, W James Cooper, Thomas F Schilling

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in EvoDevo, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
7.0field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Ancestral splice variation is a key substrate for rapid diversification in African cichlids.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Zebrafish crocc2 mutants exhibit divergent craniofacial shape, misregulated variability, and aberrant cartilage morphogenesis.Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists · 2023
    Article
  4. Cellular basis of differential endochondral growth in Lake Malawi cichlids.Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists · 2022
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Endochondral growth zone pattern and activity in the zebrafish pharyngeal skeleton.Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists · 2021
    Article
  10. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Pierre Le PabicDepartment of Developmental and Cell Biology, 4109 Natural Sciences II, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2300 USA.
W James CooperSchool of Biological Sciences, Washington State University Tri-cities, 2710 Crimson Way, Richland, WA 99354 USA.
Thomas F SchillingDepartment of Developmental and Cell Biology, 4109 Natural Sciences II, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2300 USA.
University of California, Irvine · USWashington State University Tri-Cities · US

Funding

THE ROLE OF ATROPHIN-2 IN CARTILAGE PATTERNING AND POLARITY IN ZEBRAFISHR01DE013828 · NIDCR · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI SCHILLING, THOMAS F · 2001 to 2025
$9.1M
Regulation of Morphogenesis and Extracellular Matrix Assembly at the Myotendinous JunctionR01AR067797 · NIAMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI Thomas F Schilling · 2016 to 2026
$3.5M
The Roles of Fat3 and Atrophin-2 in Jaw-Joint Development in ZebrafishF32DE021308 · NIDCR · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI LE PABIC, PIERRE · 2011 to 2013
$163k
NIAMS NIH HHS R01 AR067797NIDCR NIH HHS F32 DE021308NIDCR NIH HHS R01 DE013828
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCichlid fishes from the Rift Lakes of East Africa have undergone the most spectacular adaptive radiations in vertebrate history. Eco-morphological adaptations in lakes Victoria, Malawi and Tanganyika have resulted in a vast array of skull shapes and sizes, yet primary axes of morphological variation are conserved in all three radiations, prominently including the size of the preorbital region of the skull. This conserved pattern suggests that development may constrain the trajectories of cichlid head morphological evolution.

resultsHere, we (1) present a comparative analysis of adult head morphology in two sand-dweller cichlids from Lake Malawi with preorbital size differences representative of the main axis of variation among the three lakes and (2) analyze the ontogeny of shape and size differences by focusing on known developmental modules throughout the head. We find that (1) developmental differences between the two species correlate with known developmental modules; (2) differences in embryonic cartilage development result in phenotypically integrated changes among all bones derived from a single cartilage, while differences in dermal bone development tend to influence isolated regions within a bone; and lastly (3) species-specific morphologies appear in the embryo as subtle differences, which become progressively amplified throughout ontogeny. We propose that this amplification takes place at skeletal growth zones, the locations and shapes of which are patterned during embryogenesis.

conclusionsThis study is the most anatomically comprehensive analysis of the developmental differences underlying cichlid skull evolution in the Rift Lakes of East Africa. The scale of our analysis reveals previously unnoticed correlations between developmental modules and patterns of phenotypic integration. We propose that the primary axes of morphological variation among East African cichlid adaptive radiations are constrained by the hierarchical modularity of the teleost head skeleton.

Indexed as

Cichlid evolutionDevelopmental constraintDevelopmental modulePhenotypic integrationSkeletal development

Identifiers

PMID26798449
PMCPMC4721197
OpenAlexW2279055524

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.