ArticleDrug safety2016
Use of Prescription Drug Samples in the USA: A Descriptive Study with Considerations for Pharmacoepidemiology.
Article in Drug safety, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Agreement of Medication Information Derived From EHR Data Compared to Medicare Insurance Claims: An Analysis of Biologic Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs.Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety · 2024Article
- Latent Tuberculosis Screening Among New Users of a Biologic or Targeted Synthetic Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drug: Gaps in Screening Overall and Among Janus Kinase Inhibitors.Arthritis care & research · 2024Article
- Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System-based Antihypertensive Agents and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer Among Medicare Beneficiaries.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2019Article
- Bias in pharmacoepidemiologic studies using secondary health care databases: a scoping review.BMC medical research methodology · 2019Article
- Measurement error and misclassification in electronic medical records: methods to mitigate bias.Current epidemiology reports · 2018Article
- Initiation of antihypertensive monotherapy and incident fractures among Medicare beneficiaries.Injury epidemiology · 2017Article
- Antihypertensive Adherence Trajectories Among Older Adults in the First Year After Initiation of Therapy.American journal of hypertension · 2017Article
- Quantification of missing prescriptions in commercial claims databases: results of a cohort study.Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionFree prescription drug samples provided in physician offices can lead to exposure misclassification in pharmacoepidemiologic studies that rely on pharmacy claims data.
methodsWe quantified drug-specific sample provision rates based on nationally projected data from a survey of over 3200 US office-based physicians for 1993-2013.
resultsBetween 2009 and 2013, a total of 44.7 % of newly initiated brand-only sitagliptin but only 3.6 % of generically available metformin therapy was provided as samples. We observed similar discrepancies between newly initiated rosuvastatin and simvastatin, dabigatran and warfarin, atomoxetine and methylphenidate, and between oral antibiotic drugs. During continued therapy, sample use was still present though to a lesser extent (sitagliptin 17.0 %, rosuvastatin 23.9 %), and remained high for some oral contraceptives (norethindrone 55.8 %). Oral contraceptives had the longest average days of sample supply (levonorgestrel, continued use 85.1 days). The average days of supply for all other chronically used study drugs ranged from 13.4 (dabigatran, new use) to 25.3 (exenatide, continued use) per sample provided. From 1993 to 2013, we found pronounced drops in sample provisions over time coinciding with more recent generic approval dates.
conclusionsWe observed markedly differential exposure to medication samples between branded and generic drugs. This can introduce bias in pharmacoepidemiologic studies, especially when adverse events that occur soon after drug initiation are of interest.
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