ArticleNeuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology2016
Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Neurons Primarily Contribute to Inhibition of Electroencephalogram Delta Activity, Rather Than Inducing Behavioral Wakefulness in Mice.
Article in Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers.
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Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 114 citations in OpenAlex.
- Associations between REM sleep EEG slowing and brain cholinergic denervation in aging and Mild Cognitive Impairment.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Sleep circuit modulation: from animal models to human translation.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2026Review
- The Hypnotic Effect of Spinosin Is Mediated by Adenosine ANutrients · 2026Article
- Hypocretin receptor 1 blockade early in abstinence prevents incubation of cocaine seeking and normalizes dopamine transmission.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Wakefulness regulation of memory encoding and retrieval: structure and activity.National science review · 2026Review
- Lateral septal inhibition of nucleus basalis through direct and indirect pathways in focal limbic seizures.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Studying the potential ameliorative effect of biosynthesized selenium nanoparticles using epigallocatechin gallate against depression in rats.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Distinct subpopulations of ventral pallidal cholinergic projection neurons encode valence of olfactory stimuli.Cell reports · 2024Article
- Neurobiological Underpinnings of Hyperarousal in Depression: A Comprehensive Review.Brain sciences · 2024Review
- Basal forebrain cholinergic activity is necessary for upward firing rate homeostasis in the rodent visual cortex.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Pontine parabrachial nucleus-basal forebrain circuitry regulating cortical and hippocampal arousal.Sleep medicine · 2024Article
- Feasibility of applying a noninvasive method for sleep monitoring based on mouse behaviors.Brain and behavior · 2023Article
- REM sleep is associated with the volume of the cholinergic basal forebrain in aMCI individuals.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2023Article
- Introducing a New Mobile Electroencephalography System and Evaluating Its Quality in Comparison to Clinical Electroencephalography.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Neurophysiological alterations in mice and humans carrying mutations in APP and PSEN1 genes.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2023Article
- Ventral pallidal glutamatergic neurons regulate wakefulness and emotion through separated projections.iScience · 2023Article
- Neuro-orchestration of sleep and wakefulness.Nature neuroscience · 2023Review
- Cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain are involved in behavioral abnormalities associated with Cul3 deficiency: Role of prefrontal cortex projections in cognitive deficits.Translational psychiatry · 2023Article
- A cluster of mesopontine GABAergic neurons suppresses REM sleep and curbs cataplexy.Cell discovery · 2022Article
- Roles of Neuropeptides in Sleep-Wake Regulation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The basal forebrain (BF) cholinergic neurons have long been thought to be involved in behavioral wakefulness and cortical activation. However, owing to the heterogeneity of BF neurons and poor selectivity of traditional methods, the precise role of BF cholinergic neurons in regulating the sleep-wake cycle remains unclear. We investigated the effects of cell-selective manipulation of BF cholinergic neurons on the sleep-wake behavior and electroencephalogram (EEG) power spectrum using the pharmacogenetic technique, the 'designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADD)' approach, and ChAT-IRES-Cre mice. Our results showed that activation of BF cholinergic neurons expressing hM3Dq receptors significantly and lastingly decreased the EEG delta power spectrum, produced low-delta non-rapid eye movement sleep, and slightly increased wakefulness in both light and dark phases, whereas inhibition of BF cholinergic neurons expressing hM4Di receptors significantly increased EEG delta power spectrum and slightly decreased wakefulness. Next, the projections of BF cholinergic neurons were traced by humanized Renilla green fluorescent protein (hrGFP). Abundant and highly dense hrGFP-positive fibers were observed in the secondary motor cortex and cingulate cortex, and sparse hrGFP-positive fibers were observed in the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus, a known sleep-related structure. Finally, we found that activation of BF cholinergic neurons significantly increased c-Fos expression in the secondary motor cortex and cingulate cortex, but decreased c-Fos expression in the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus. Taken together, these findings reveal that the primary function of BF cholinergic neurons is to inhibit EEG delta activity through the activation of cerebral cortex, rather than to induce behavioral wakefulness.
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