ArticleImmunity2016
A Temporal Switch in the Germinal Center Determines Differential Output of Memory B and Plasma Cells.
Article in Immunity, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 347 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
347 citing papers in PubMed, 521 citations in OpenAlex.
- Adaptive Immunity in Marsupials.Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology · 2026Review
- Spatial confinement promotes germinal center diversity and tempers immunodominance.Nature immunology · 2026Article
- BRWD1 directs B cell epigenetic states required for germinal center initiation, maintenance and function.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Ptpn2 limits plasma cell fate and antiviral immunity by integrating B cell receptor and IFN-γ signals in B cells.Science advances · 2026Article
- Non-canonical NF-κB drives a fate switch from germinal center to early effector B cells.iScience · 2026Article
- Human primary antibody response to vaccination follows a partially sequential class-switching program with a checkpoint at IGHG2.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Phased fragility and stability of non-genetic B cell states in the germinal center accelerate the genetic evolution of antibodies.Cell systems · 2026Article
- BLIMP1 shapes germinal center B cell clonal diversity by gating chromatin accessibility during light-to-dark zone transition.Nature immunology · 2026Article
- Review
- Optimizing scheduling in dual-pulse nucleoside labeling experiments for cell-cycle analysis.Biophysical journal · 2026Article
- Age-associated B cells, key players in autoimmune pathogenesis.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2026Review
- Lymphocyte-derived cholinergic circuits modulate germinal center output and B cell activation.Nature immunology · 2026Article
- IL-2 silencing enables Tfh cell expansion during vaccination but is redundant for antibody production.Immunology and cell biology · 2026Article
- A Human Lymph node-on-a-Chip for Personalized Evaluation of Vaccine Immunogenicity.Research square · 2026Article
- Transcriptome-Proteome Analysis of Human Naive and Memory B Cell Subsets Reveals Isotype and Subclass-Specific Phenotypes.European journal of immunology · 2026Article
- Extrafollicular and other non-germinal center B cell responses.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Review
- The multilayered identity of B cell memory.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2026Review
- Plasmablasts as Translational Biomarkers in Autoimmune Diseases: From Cellular Dynamics to Clinical Decision-Making.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Memory B cell development in response to mRNA SARS-CoV-2 and nanoparticle immunization in mice.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Article
287 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
There is little insight into or agreement about the signals that control differentiation of memory B cells (MBCs) and long-lived plasma cells (LLPCs). By performing BrdU pulse-labeling studies, we found that MBC formation preceded the formation of LLPCs in an adoptive transfer immunization system, which allowed for a synchronized Ag-specific response with homogeneous Ag-receptor, yet at natural precursor frequencies. We confirmed these observations in wild-type (WT) mice and extended them with germinal center (GC) disruption experiments and variable region gene sequencing. We thus show that the GC response undergoes a temporal switch in its output as it matures, revealing that the reaction engenders both MBC subsets with different immune effector function and, ultimately, LLPCs at largely separate points in time. These data demonstrate the kinetics of the formation of the cells that provide stable humoral immunity and therefore have implications for autoimmunity, for vaccine development, and for understanding long-term pathogen resistance.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.