ArticlePLoS pathogens2016
Neuroinvasive West Nile Infection Elicits Elevated and Atypically Polarized T Cell Responses That Promote a Pathogenic Outcome.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Identification of genetic variants associated with dengue or West Nile virus disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2018Pooled it
- Structural Basis for CD4+ T Cell Epitope Dominance in Arbo-Flavivirus Envelope Proteins: A Meta-Analysis.Viral immunology · 2017Pooled it
- Article
- Tracking the Pathways of West Nile Virus: Phylogenetic and Phylogeographic Analysis of a 2024 Isolate from Portugal.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Balancing functions of regulatory T cells in mosquito-borne viral infections.Emerging microbes & infections · 2024Review
- Early cellular and molecular signatures correlate with severity of West Nile virus infection.iScience · 2023Article
- Secreted NS1 proteins of tick-borne encephalitis virus and West Nile virus block dendritic cell activation and effector functions.Microbiology spectrum · 2023Article
- Mining Autoimmune-Disorder-Linked Molecular-Mimicry Candidates inMicroorganisms · 2023Article
- Recognition of mRNA Splice Variant and Secretory Granule Epitopes by CD4+ T Cells in Type 1 Diabetes.Diabetes · 2023Article
- Japanese Encephalitis Virus-Infected Cells.Sub-cellular biochemistry · 2023Article
- Characterizing T cell responses to enzymatically modified beta cell neo-epitopes.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Pathogenicity and virulence of West Nile virus revisited eight decades after its first isolation.Virulence · 2021Article
- miR-181a-regulated pathways in T-cell differentiation and aging.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2021Review
- Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infected Human Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells Activate a Transcriptional Network Leading to an Antiviral Inflammatory Response.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Beneficial and Detrimental Effects of Regulatory T Cells in Neurotropic Virus Infections.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- CD4 T Cell Determinants in West Nile Virus Disease and Asymptomatic Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- West Nile Virus Infection Blocks Inflammatory Response and T Cell Costimulatory Capacity of Human Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells.Journal of virology · 2019Article
- Dynamics of Tissue-Specific CD8Journal of virology · 2018Article
- T cell immunity to Zika virus targets immunodominant epitopes that show cross-reactivity with other Flaviviruses.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Protein structure shapes immunodominance in the CD4 T cell response to yellow fever vaccination.Scientific reports · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Most West Nile virus (WNV) infections are asymptomatic, but some lead to neuroinvasive disease with symptoms ranging from disorientation to paralysis and death. Evidence from animal models suggests that neuroinvasive infections may arise as a consequence of impaired immune protection. However, other data suggest that neurologic symptoms may arise as a consequence of immune mediated damage. We demonstrate that elevated immune responses are present in neuroinvasive disease by directly characterizing WNV-specific T cells in subjects with laboratory documented infections using human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II tetramers. Subjects with neuroinvasive infections had higher overall numbers of WNV-specific T cells than those with asymptomatic infections. Independent of this, we also observed age related increases in WNV-specific T cell responses. Further analysis revealed that WNV-specific T cell responses included a population of atypically polarized CXCR3+CCR4+CCR6- T cells, whose presence was highly correlated with neuroinvasive disease. Moreover, a higher proportion of WNV-specific T cells in these subjects co-produced interferon-γ and interleukin 4 than those from asymptomatic subjects. More globally, subjects with neuroinvasive infections had reduced numbers of CD4+FoxP3+ Tregs that were CTLA4 positive and exhibited a distinct upregulated transcript profile that was absent in subjects with asymptomatic infections. Thus, subjects with neuroinvasive WNV infections exhibited elevated, dysregulated, and atypically polarized responses, suggesting that immune mediated damage may indeed contribute to pathogenic outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.