Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26791259›Full record

ArticleGeneral hospital psychiatry

Excess mortality due to depression and anxiety in the United States: results from a nationally representative survey.

Laura A Pratt, Benjamin G Druss, Ronald W Manderscheid, Elizabeth Reisinger Walker

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in General hospital psychiatry. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 88 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
88citing papers in PubMed, 8 pooled it
7.7field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

88 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 168 citations in OpenAlex.

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  9. Trial
  10. Effect of vitamin D supplementation on depression in older Australian adults.International journal of geriatric psychiatry · 2023
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  17. The Impact of Redlining on Mental Health.Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.) · 2026
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  20. Review

28 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Laura A PrattCenters for Disease Control and Prevention/National Center for Health Statistics, 3311 Toledo Road, Room 6333, Hyattsville, MD 20782, USA. Electronic address: lpratt@cdc.gov.
Benjamin G DrussDepartment of Health Policy and Management, Center for Behavioral Health Policy Studies, Rollins School of Public Health, 1518 Clifton Road, NE, Room 638, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. Electronic address: bdruss@emory.edu.
Ronald W ManderscheidNational Association of County Behavioral Health and Developmental Disability Directors, 25 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Suite 500, Washington, DC 20001, USA. Electronic address: rmanderscheid@nacbhd.org.
Elizabeth Reisinger WalkerDepartment of Health Policy and Management, Center for Behavioral Health Policy Studies, Rollins School of Public Health, 1518 Clifton Road, NE, Room 638, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. Electronic address: ereisin@emory.edu.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention · USNational Association of State Mental Health Program Directors · US

Funding

IRACDA Fellowships in Research and Science Training (FIRST)K12GM000680 · NIGMS · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI BROWN, LOU ANN S, MCCARTY, NAEL A · 2000 to 2024
$41.2M
Mentoring and Research: Public Health Interventions to Improve Health in SMIK24MH075867 · NIMH · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI DRUSS, BENJAMIN G · 2006 to 2015
$1.3M
NIGMS NIH HHS K12 GM000680NIGMS NIH HHS K12 GM00680-05NIMH NIH HHS K24 MH075867NIMH NIH HHS K24MH075867
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesWe compared the mortality of persons with and without anxiety and depression in a nationally representative survey and examined the role of socioeconomic factors, chronic diseases and health behaviors in explaining excess mortality.

methodsThe 1999 National Health Interview Survey was linked with mortality data through 2011. We calculated the hazard ratio (HR) for mortality by presence or absence of anxiety/depression and evaluated potential mediators. We calculated the population attributable risk of mortality for anxiety/depression.

resultsPersons with anxiety/depression died 7.9 years earlier than other persons. At a population level, 3.5% of deaths were attributable to anxiety/depression. Adjusting for demographic factors, anxiety/depression was associated with an elevated risk of mortality [HR=1.61, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.40, 1.84]. Chronic diseases and health behaviors explained much of the elevated risk. Adjusting for demographic factors, people with past-year contact with a mental health professional did not demonstrate excess mortality associated with anxiety/depression while those without contact did.

conclusionsAnxiety/depression presents a mortality burden at both individual and population levels. Our findings are consistent with targeting health behaviors and physical illnesses as strategies for reducing this excess mortality among people with anxiety/depression.

Indexed as

Health BehaviorMortalityAdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overAnxiety DisordersChronic DiseaseDepressive DisorderFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedSocioeconomic FactorsUnited StatesYoung AdultAnxietyDepressionMental healthMortalityNHIS

Identifiers

PMID26791259
PMCPMC5113020
OpenAlexW2203268750

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.