Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26791153›Full record

ArticleNeurology2016

Differences in the role of black race and stroke risk factors for first vs. recurrent stroke.

George Howard, Brett M Kissela, Dawn O Kleindorfer, Leslie A McClure, Elsayed Z Soliman, Suzanne E Judd, J David Rhodes, Mary Cushman, Claudia S Moy, Kara A Sands and 1 more

Abstract readComparative Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Neurology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
35citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

35 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Article
  4. Observational
  5. Predictors of recurrent stroke and subsequent mortality among patients experiencing housing instability.Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association · 2024
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  13. Racial and ethnic differences in sleep-disordered breathing and sleep duration among stroke patients.Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association · 2022
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Stroke in Djibouti.African journal of emergency medicine : Revue africaine de la medecine d'urgence · 2022
    Article
  18. Observational
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

George HowardFrom the Departments of Biostatistics (G.H., L.A.M., S.E.J., J.D.R.) and Epidemiology (V.J.H.), UAB School of Public Health, Birmingham, AL; Department of Neurology (B.M.K., D.O.K.), School of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Epidemiology (E.Z.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Medicine (M.C.), University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (C.S.M.), NIH, Bethesda, MD; and Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), UAB School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL. ghoward@uab.edu.
Brett M KisselaFrom the Departments of Biostatistics (G.H., L.A.M., S.E.J., J.D.R.) and Epidemiology (V.J.H.), UAB School of Public Health, Birmingham, AL; Department of Neurology (B.M.K., D.O.K.), School of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Epidemiology (E.Z.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Medicine (M.C.), University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (C.S.M.), NIH, Bethesda, MD; and Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), UAB School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL.
Dawn O KleindorferFrom the Departments of Biostatistics (G.H., L.A.M., S.E.J., J.D.R.) and Epidemiology (V.J.H.), UAB School of Public Health, Birmingham, AL; Department of Neurology (B.M.K., D.O.K.), School of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Epidemiology (E.Z.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Medicine (M.C.), University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (C.S.M.), NIH, Bethesda, MD; and Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), UAB School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL.
Leslie A McClureFrom the Departments of Biostatistics (G.H., L.A.M., S.E.J., J.D.R.) and Epidemiology (V.J.H.), UAB School of Public Health, Birmingham, AL; Department of Neurology (B.M.K., D.O.K.), School of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Epidemiology (E.Z.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Medicine (M.C.), University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (C.S.M.), NIH, Bethesda, MD; and Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), UAB School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL.
Elsayed Z SolimanFrom the Departments of Biostatistics (G.H., L.A.M., S.E.J., J.D.R.) and Epidemiology (V.J.H.), UAB School of Public Health, Birmingham, AL; Department of Neurology (B.M.K., D.O.K.), School of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Epidemiology (E.Z.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Medicine (M.C.), University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (C.S.M.), NIH, Bethesda, MD; and Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), UAB School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL.
Suzanne E JuddFrom the Departments of Biostatistics (G.H., L.A.M., S.E.J., J.D.R.) and Epidemiology (V.J.H.), UAB School of Public Health, Birmingham, AL; Department of Neurology (B.M.K., D.O.K.), School of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Epidemiology (E.Z.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Medicine (M.C.), University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (C.S.M.), NIH, Bethesda, MD; and Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), UAB School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL.
J David RhodesFrom the Departments of Biostatistics (G.H., L.A.M., S.E.J., J.D.R.) and Epidemiology (V.J.H.), UAB School of Public Health, Birmingham, AL; Department of Neurology (B.M.K., D.O.K.), School of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Epidemiology (E.Z.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Medicine (M.C.), University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (C.S.M.), NIH, Bethesda, MD; and Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), UAB School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL.
Mary CushmanFrom the Departments of Biostatistics (G.H., L.A.M., S.E.J., J.D.R.) and Epidemiology (V.J.H.), UAB School of Public Health, Birmingham, AL; Department of Neurology (B.M.K., D.O.K.), School of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Epidemiology (E.Z.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Medicine (M.C.), University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (C.S.M.), NIH, Bethesda, MD; and Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), UAB School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL.
Claudia S MoyFrom the Departments of Biostatistics (G.H., L.A.M., S.E.J., J.D.R.) and Epidemiology (V.J.H.), UAB School of Public Health, Birmingham, AL; Department of Neurology (B.M.K., D.O.K.), School of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Epidemiology (E.Z.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Medicine (M.C.), University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (C.S.M.), NIH, Bethesda, MD; and Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), UAB School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL.
Kara A SandsFrom the Departments of Biostatistics (G.H., L.A.M., S.E.J., J.D.R.) and Epidemiology (V.J.H.), UAB School of Public Health, Birmingham, AL; Department of Neurology (B.M.K., D.O.K.), School of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Epidemiology (E.Z.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Medicine (M.C.), University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (C.S.M.), NIH, Bethesda, MD; and Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), UAB School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL.
Virginia J HowardFrom the Departments of Biostatistics (G.H., L.A.M., S.E.J., J.D.R.) and Epidemiology (V.J.H.), UAB School of Public Health, Birmingham, AL; Department of Neurology (B.M.K., D.O.K.), School of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Epidemiology (E.Z.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Medicine (M.C.), University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (C.S.M.), NIH, Bethesda, MD; and Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), UAB School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL.

Funding

VCID and Stroke in a Bi-racial National CohortU01NS041588 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · PI CUSHMAN, MARY, HOWARD, GEORGE · 2002 to 2022
$96.0M
LCenter for Clinical and Translational Science and TrainingUL1TR001425 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI · PI HEUBI, JAMES E., KISSELA, BRETT M · 2015 to 2024
$37.5M
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001425NINDS NIH HHS U01-NS041588
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTo assess whether black race and other cerebrovascular risk factors have a differential effect on first vs. recurrent stroke events.

methodsEstimate the differences in the magnitude of the association of demographic (age, back race, sex) or stroke risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, cigarette smoking, atrial fibrillation, left ventricular hypertrophy, or heart disease) for first vs. recurrent stroke from a longitudinal cohort study of 29,682 black or white participants aged 45 years and older.

resultsOver an average 6.8 years follow-up, 301 of 2,993 participants with a previous stroke at baseline had a recurrent stroke, while 818 of 26,689 participants who were stroke-free at baseline had a first stroke. Among those stroke-free at baseline, there was an age-by-race interaction (p = 0.0002), with a first stroke risk 2.70 (95% confidence interval: 1.86-3.91) times greater for black than white participants at age 45, but no racial disparity at age 85 (hazard ratio = 0.91; 95% confidence interval: 0.70-1.18). In contrast, there was no evidence of a higher risk of recurrent stroke at any age for black participants (p > 0.05). The association of traditional stroke risk factors was generally similar for first and recurrent stroke.

conclusionThe association of age and black race differs substantially on first vs. recurrent stroke risk, with risk factors playing a similar role.

Indexed as

Black or African AmericanWhite PeopleAgedAge FactorsFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedRecurrenceRisk FactorsStroke

Identifiers

PMID26791153
PMCPMC4762422

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.