ArticleExperimental brain research2016
The kinaesthetic mirror illusion: How much does the mirror matter?
Article in Experimental brain research, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neural Processes Underlying Mirror-Induced Visual Illusion: An Activation Likelihood Estimation Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2020Pooled it
- Cortical neuromodulation by vibration-induced illusion of movement is observed in older individuals, but not in individuals with acute stroke: a cross-sectional fNIRS study.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Proprioceptive integration in motor control.The Journal of physiology · 2026Article
- Proprioceptive uncertainty promotes the rubber hand illusion.Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior · 2023Article
- When proprioceptive feedback enhances visual perception of self-body movement: rehabilitation perspectives.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2023Article
- Visually Induced Kinaesthetic Illusion Combined with Therapeutic Exercise for Patients with Chronic Stroke: A Pilot Study.Journal of rehabilitation medicine · 2022Article
- Two senses of human limb position: methods of measurement and roles in proprioception.Experimental brain research · 2021Review
- Bimanual coupling effect during a proprioceptive stimulation.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Task Complexity and Image Clarity Facilitate Motor and Visuo-Motor Activities in Mirror Therapy in Post-stroke Patients.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Article
- Influence of Visual Stimulation-Induced Passive Reproduction of Motor Images in the Brain on Motor Paralysis After Stroke.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2021Article
- Model-Based Analyses for the Causal Relationship Between Post-stroke Impairments and Functional Brain Connectivity Regarding the Effects of Kinesthetic Illusion Therapy Combined With Conventional Exercise.Frontiers in systems neuroscience · 2021Article
- The respective contributions of visual and proprioceptive afferents to the mirror illusion in virtual reality.PloS one · 2018Article
- Motor and sensory disturbances induced by sensorimotor conflicts during passive and active movements in healthy participants.PloS one · 2018Article
- Influence of the Body Schema on Multisensory Integration: Evidence from the Mirror Box Illusion.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Sensory Disturbances, but Not Motor Disturbances, Induced by Sensorimotor Conflicts Are Increased in the Presence of Acute Pain.Frontiers in integrative neuroscience · 2017Article
- Body Schema Illusions: A Study of the Link between the Rubber Hand and Kinesthetic Mirror Illusions through Individual Differences.BioMed research international · 2017Article
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The reflection of a moving hand in a mirror positioned in the sagittal plane can create an illusion of symmetrical, bimanual movement. This illusion is implicitly presumed to be of visual origin. However, muscle proprioceptive afferents of the arm reflected in the mirror might also affect the perceived position and movement of the other arm. We characterized the relative contributions of visual and proprioceptive cues by performing two experiments. In Experiment 1, we sought to establish whether kinaesthetic illusions induced using the mirror paradigm would survive marked visual impoverishment (obtained by covering between 0 and 100 % of the mirror in 16 % steps). We found that the mirror illusion was only significantly influenced when the visual degradation was 84 % or more. In Experiment 2, we masked the muscle proprioceptive afferents of the arm reflected in the mirror by co-vibrating antagonistic muscles. We found that masking the proprioceptive afferents reduced the velocity of the illusory displacement of the other arm. These results confirm that the mirror illusion is not a purely visual illusion but emerges from a combination of congruent signals from the two arms, i.e. visual afferents from the virtually moving arm and proprioceptive afferents from the contralateral, moving arm.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.