ReviewBrain research2016
Norepinephrine versus dopamine and their interaction in modulating synaptic function in the prefrontal cortex.
Review in Brain research, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 99 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
99 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 190 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exercise intervention on the brain structure and function of patients with mild cognitive impairment: systematic review based on magnetic resonance imaging studies.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Two meta-analyses of the association between atopic diseases and core symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.Scientific reports · 2022Pooled it
- Catecholaminergic Contributions to Inhibitory Control Following Physical Fatigue: Behavioral and Neurophysiological Findings.European journal of sport science · 2026Trial
- Trial
- The Ability to Voluntarily Regulate Theta Band Activity Affects How Pharmacological Manipulation of the Catecholaminergic System Impacts Cognitive Control.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2024Trial
- Cognitive science theory-driven pharmacology elucidates the neurobiological basis of perception-motor integration.Communications biology · 2022Trial
- All Is Relative-A Call for Considering "Physiologically Informed" Control Conditions to Improve the Mechanistic Understanding of the Effects of Physical Exercise on Cognition.Scandinavian journal of psychology · 2026Review
- GluN2A Enables Noradrenergic Control of Prefrontal Oscillations and Cognitive Flexibility.eNeuro · 2026Article
- The norepinephrine transporter gene modulates functional brain activations in drug-naïve children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- Perceived Racial Stress Effects on Neuropsychological Functioning in African Americans are Mediated by the Brain's Reward/Safety SEEKING Systems via Neuroimmune and Neuroendocrine Pathways.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Concomitant activation of DResearch square · 2026Article
- Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms Associated With Bupropion Treatment: A Case Series.Case reports in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Synergistic Effects of Levodopa, Benserazide, and Nortriptyline on Behavioral Impairments and Brain Pathology in an Experimental Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease.Neurology research international · 2026Article
- Concomitant activation of DDiscover pharmaceutical sciences · 2026Article
- SOM3355: a unique pharmacological profile combining VMAT1 inhibition, VMAT2-mediated dopamine modulation, and βFrontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- The psychobiotic revolution: comprehending the optimistic role of gut microbiota on gut-brain axis during neurological and Gastrointestinal (GI) disorders.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2025Review
- Intranasal delivery of DPSC-derived small extracellular vesicles-encased phloroglucinol attenuates non-motor and motor deficits and promotes neurogenesis in an in vivo rat model of Parkinson's disease.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Article
- The Role of Pharmacotherapy in Social Cognition, Empathy, and Serum Oxytocin Levels in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Case-Control Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Effects of aerobic exercise on executive function in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2025Article
- Heart Rate Variability Prediction of Stimulant-Induced Creativity Gains in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
39 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Among the neuromodulators that regulate prefrontal cortical circuit function, the catecholamine transmitters norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) stand out as powerful players in working memory and attention. Perturbation of either NE or DA signaling is implicated in the pathogenesis of several neuropsychiatric disorders, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), schizophrenia, and drug addiction. Although the precise mechanisms employed by NE and DA to cooperatively control prefrontal functions are not fully understood, emerging research indicates that both transmitters regulate electrical and biochemical aspects of neuronal function by modulating convergent ionic and synaptic signaling in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). This review summarizes previous studies that investigated the effects of both NE and DA on excitatory and inhibitory transmissions in the prefrontal cortical circuitry. Specifically, we focus on the functional interaction between NE and DA in prefrontal cortical local circuitry, synaptic integration, signaling pathways, and receptor properties. Although it is clear that both NE and DA innervate the PFC extensively and modulate synaptic function by activating distinctly different receptor subtypes and signaling pathways, it remains unclear how these two systems coordinate their actions to optimize PFC function for appropriate behavior. Throughout this review, we provide perspectives and highlight several critical topics for future studies. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI: Noradrenergic System.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.