ArticleNucleic acid therapeutics2016
2'Fluoro Modification Differentially Modulates the Ability of RNAs to Activate Pattern Recognition Receptors.
Article in Nucleic acid therapeutics, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Therapeutic microRNAs: Mechanisms, Delivery, and Clinical Translation in Oncology.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Co-transcriptional modifications of 2'-hydroxyls on synthetic mRNA enhance ribonuclease resistance and lipid nanoparticle thermostability.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2025Article
- A novel bispecific siRNA concept: Efficient dual knockdown ofMolecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2025Article
- Therapeutic Oligonucleotides for Neurodegenerative Diseases: Aptamer Strategies and Clay Nanoparticle-Based Delivery.Chemical record (New York, N.Y.) · 2025Review
- ASSET: A Framework for Decoding Aptamer Specificity of an Enriched Library by Next-Generation Sequencing of Experimental Samples.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Single alkyl phosphonate modification of the siRNA backbone in the seed region enhances specificity and therapeutic profile.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- RNA nanostructures for targeted drug delivery and imaging.RNA biology · 2024Review
- An unbiased seed-based RNAi selection screen identifies small RNAs that inhibit androgen signaling and prostate cancer cell growth.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2023Article
- Review
- Assessment of Intracellular Compartmentalization of RNA Nanostructures.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2023Article
- Discriminating Immunorecognition Pathways Activated by RNA Nanostructures.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2023Article
- Therapeutic Potential of Aptamer-Protein Interactions.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2022Review
- Small non-coding RNA therapeutics for cardiovascular disease.European heart journal · 2022Review
- PEG: Will It Come Back to You? Polyethelyne Glycol Immunogenicity, COVID Vaccines, and the Case for New PEG Derivatives and Alternatives.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2022Article
- The International Society of RNA Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine (ISRNN): The Present and Future of the Burgeoning Field.ACS nano · 2021Article
- Synthetic modified messenger RNA for therapeutic applications.Acta biomaterialia · 2021Review
- Article
- Nucleic acid nanoparticles (NANPs) as molecular tools to direct desirable and avoid undesirable immunological effects.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2021Review
- Enhanced target cell specificity and uptake of lipid nanoparticles using RNA aptamers and peptides.Beilstein journal of organic chemistry · 2021Article
- The immunorecognition, subcellular compartmentalization, and physicochemical properties of nucleic acid nanoparticles can be controlled by composition modification.Nucleic acids research · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Although the use of RNAs has enormous therapeutic potential, these RNA-based therapies can trigger unwanted inflammatory responses by the activation of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and cause harmful side effects. In contrast, the immune activation by therapeutic RNAs can be advantageous for treating cancers. Thus, the immunogenicity of therapeutic RNAs should be deliberately controlled depending on the therapeutic applications of RNAs. In this study, we demonstrated that RNAs containing 2'fluoro (2'F) pyrimidines differentially controlled the activation of PRRs. The activity of RNAs that stimulate toll-like receptors 3 and 7 was abrogated by the incorporation of 2'F pyrimidine. By contrast, incorporation of 2'F pyrimidines enhanced the activity of retinoic acid-inducible gene 1-stimulating RNAs. Furthermore, we found that transfection with RNAs containing 2'F pyrimidine and 5' triphosphate (5'ppp) increased cell death and interferon-β expression in human cancer cells compared with transfection with 2'hydroxyl 5'ppp RNAs, whereas RNAs containing 2'O-methyl pyrimidine and 5'ppp completely abolished the induction of cell death and cytokine expression in the cells. Our findings suggest that incorporation of 2'F and 2'O-methyl nucleosides is a facile approach to differentially control the ability of therapeutic RNAs to activate or limit immune and inflammatory responses depending on therapeutic applications.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.