ArticleOpen forum infectious diseases2016
Prevalence and Clinical Outcomes of Clostridium difficile Infection in the Intensive Care Unit: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Article in Open forum infectious diseases, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global burden ofJournal of global health · 2019Pooled it
- Empirical Meropenem Versus Piperacillin/Tazobactam for Critically Ill Adults With Sepsis: Feasibility of a Randomised Trial.Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica · 2026Trial
- Procalcitonin to Reduce Long-Term Infection-associated Adverse Events in Sepsis. A Randomized Trial.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2021Trial
- Review
- Impact of enteral feeding strategies on nosocomialFrontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Optimal antibiotic use in the intensive care unit.Critical care (London, England) · 2025Review
- Risk Factors and Outcomes of Clostridioides difficile Infection in Respiratory Intensive Care Unit Patients.The clinical respiratory journal · 2025Article
- Antibiotic De-Escalation in the Intensive Care Unit: Rationale and Potential Strategies.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Fecal microbiota transplantation in a patient hospitalized in the intensive care unit - Case report.Heliyon · 2025Article
- Molecular Epidemiology ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Association between statin administration andFrontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Article
- ImprovingAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Article
- Healthcare-associated infections in adult intensive care unit patients: Changes in epidemiology, diagnosis, prevention and contributions of new technologies.Intensive & critical care nursing · 2022Article
- Prevalence ofInfectious disease reports · 2021Article
- Clostridioides difficile infections in the intensive care unit: a monocentric cohort study.Infection · 2020Article
- Antibiotic Stewardship in the Intensive Care Unit. An Official American Thoracic Society Workshop Report in Collaboration with the AACN, CHEST, CDC, and SCCM.Annals of the American Thoracic Society · 2020Article
- Review
- [Clostridium difficile in the intensive care unit].Medizinische Klinik, Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
unlabelledBackground. Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are at higher risk for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI).
methodsWe performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies from 1983 to 2015 using the PubMed, EMBASE, and Google Scholar databases to study the prevalence and outcomes of CDI in this patient population. Among the 9146 articles retrieved from the studies, 22 articles, which included a total of 80 835 ICU patients, were included in our final analysis. Results. The prevalence of CDI among ICU patients was 2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1%-2%), and among diarrheic ICU patients the prevalence was 11% (95% CI, 6%-17%). Among CDI patients, 25% (95% CI, 5%-51%) were diagnosed with pseudomembranous colitis, and the estimated length of ICU stay before CDI acquisition was 10.74 days (95% CI, 5%-51%). The overall hospital mortality among ICU patients with CDI was 32% (95% CI, 26%-39%), compared with 24% (95% CI, 14%-36%) among those without CDI presenting a statistically significant difference in mortality risk (P = .030). It is worth noting that the length of ICU and hospital stay among CDI patients was significantly longer, compared with non-CDI patients (standardized mean of difference [SMD] = 0.49, 95% CI, .39%-.6%, P = .00 and SMD = 1.15, 95% CI, .44%-1.91%, P = .003, respectively). It is noteworthy that the morbidity score at ICU admission (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II [APACHE II]) was not statistically different between the 2 groups (P = .911), implying that the differences in outcomes can be attributed to CDI. Conclusions. The ICU setting is associated with higher prevalence of CDI. In this setting, CDI is associated with increased hospital mortality and prolonged ICU and overall hospital stay. These findings highlight the need for additional prevention and treatment studies in this setting.
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