Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26787508›Full record

ArticleCancer biology & therapy2016

Nanopore sequencing detects structural variants in cancer.

Alexis L Norris, Rachael E Workman, Yunfan Fan, James R Eshleman, Winston Timp

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cancer biology & therapy, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 79 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
79citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

79 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. The Cancer Genome in the Long Reads Era.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025
    Article
  6. Nanopore sequencing in veterinary medicine: from concepts to clinical applications.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025
    Review
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Review
  16. Review
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  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Review

19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Alexis L Norrisa Departments of Pathology and Oncology , The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA.
Rachael E Workmanb Department of Biomedical Engineering , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , MD , USA.
Yunfan Fanb Department of Biomedical Engineering , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , MD , USA.
James R Eshlemana Departments of Pathology and Oncology , The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA.
Winston Timpb Department of Biomedical Engineering , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , MD , USA.

Funding

Training Program in Cellular and Molecular MedicineT32GM008752 · NIGMS · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI RAO, RAJINI · 2000 to 2019
$11.7M
NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM008752
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Despite advances in sequencing, structural variants (SVs) remain difficult to reliably detect due to the short read length (<300 bp) of 2nd generation sequencing. Not only do the reads (or paired-end reads) need to straddle a breakpoint, but repetitive elements often lead to ambiguities in the alignment of short reads. We propose to use the long-reads (up to 20 kb) possible with 3rd generation sequencing, specifically nanopore sequencing on the MinION. Nanopore sequencing relies on a similar concept to a Coulter counter, reading the DNA sequence from the change in electrical current resulting from a DNA strand being forced through a nanometer-sized pore embedded in a membrane. Though nanopore sequencing currently has a relatively high mismatch rate that precludes base substitution and small frameshift mutation detection, its accuracy is sufficient for SV detection because of its long reads. In fact, long reads in some cases may improve SV detection efficiency. We have tested nanopore sequencing to detect a series of well-characterized SVs, including large deletions, inversions, and translocations that inactivate the CDKN2A/p16 and SMAD4/DPC4 tumor suppressor genes in pancreatic cancer. Using PCR amplicon mixes, we have demonstrated that nanopore sequencing can detect large deletions, translocations and inversions at dilutions as low as 1:100, with as few as 500 reads per sample. Given the speed, small footprint, and low capital cost, nanopore sequencing could become the ideal tool for the low-level detection of cancer-associated SVs needed for molecular relapse, early detection, or therapeutic monitoring.

Indexed as

NanoporesCarcinoma, Pancreatic DuctalDNA BreaksGenes, p16Genes, Tumor SuppressorHumansPancreatic NeoplasmsSequence Analysis, DNASmad4 ProteinSmad4 ProteinSMAD4 protein, human3rd generation sequencingcancer diagnosticsDeletionsDNA sequencinginversionsnanopore sequencingnext generation sequencingstructural variationtranslocationstumor suppressor gene

Identifiers

PMID26787508
PMCPMC4848001

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.