ArticleBMJ open2016
Unequal socioeconomic distribution of the primary care workforce: whole-population small area longitudinal study.
Article in BMJ open, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Social determinants of unmet need for primary care: a systematic review.Systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Trial
- Occupational Licensing and Psychologist Supply.Health economics · 2026Article
- Geospatial Visualisation of Distance to General Practitioner Facilities with Population Density Patterns in the United Kingdom.Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Social and health determinants of wait times for primary care in Canada.Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien · 2025Article
- Observational
- Data-driven insights into interhospital care fragmentation: Implications for health policy and equity among older adults.PloS one · 2025Article
- Additional Roles Reimbursement Scheme uptake, patient satisfaction, and QOF achievement: an ecological study from 2020-2023.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2025Article
- The performance of general practice in the English National Health Service (NHS): an analysis using Starfield's framework for primary care.Health affairs scholar · 2024Article
- Does workforce explain the relationship between funding and patient experience? A mediation analysis of primary care data in England.BMJ open · 2024Article
- Regional Variation in the Community Nursing and Support Workforce in England: A Longitudinal Analysis 2010-2021.Journal of nursing management · 2024Article
- Predictors and population health outcomes of persistent high GP turnover in English general practices: a retrospective observational study.BMJ quality & safety · 2023Observational
- Temporal-Spatial Evolution and Trend Prediction of the Supply Efficiency of Primary Medical Health Service-An Empirical Study Based on Central and Western Regions of China.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Persistent inequalities in consultation incidence and prevalence of low back pain and osteoarthritis in England between 2004 and 2019.Rheumatology advances in practice · 2023Article
- Clinical pharmacists in primary care general practices: evaluation of current workforce and their distribution.Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice · 2022Article
- Inequalities in the distribution of the general practice workforce in England: a practice-level longitudinal analysis.BJGP open · 2021Article
- Socioeconomic position and use of hospital-based care towards the end of life: a mediation analysis using the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing.The Lancet. Public health · 2021Observational
- Geographic inequalities in non-acute healthcare supply: evidence from Ireland.HRB open research · 2021Article
- Investigating the impact of distance on the use of primary care extended hours.International journal of population data science · 2021Article
- Inequalities.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo measure changes in socioeconomic inequality in the distribution of family physicians (general practitioners (GPs)) relative to need in England from 2004/2005 to 2013/2014.
designWhole-population small area longitudinal data linkage study.
settingEngland from 2004/2005 to 2013/2014.
participants32,482 lower layer super output areas (neighbourhoods of 1500 people on average).
main outcome measuresSlope index of inequality (SII) between the most and least deprived small areas in annual full-time equivalent GPs (FTE GPs) per 100,000 need adjusted population.
resultsIn 2004/2005, inequality in primary care supply as measured by the SII in FTE GPs was 4.2 (95% CI 3.1 to 5.3) GPs per 100,000. By 2013/2014, this SII had fallen to -0.7 (95% CI -2.5 to 1.1) GPs per 100,000. The number of FTE GPs per 100,000 serving the most deprived fifth of small areas increased over this period from 54.0 to 60.5, while increasing from 57.2 to 59.9 in the least deprived fifth, so that by the end of the study period there were more GPs per 100,000 need adjusted population in the most deprived areas than in the least deprived. The increase in GP supply in the most deprived fifth of neighbourhoods was larger in areas that received targeted investment for establishing new practices under the 'Equitable Access to Primary Medical Care'.
conclusionsThere was a substantial reduction in socioeconomic inequality in family physician supply associated with national policy. This policy may not have completely eliminated socioeconomic inequality in family physician supply since existing need adjustment formulae do not fully capture the additional burden of multimorbidity in deprived neighbourhoods. The small area approach introduced in this study can be used routinely to monitor socioeconomic inequality of access to primary care and to indicate workforce shortages in particular neighbourhoods. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0.
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