ArticleSubstance use & misuse2016
Effect of Adolescent Cigarette Smoking on Adulthood Substance Use and Abuse: The Mediating Role of Educational Attainment.
Article in Substance use & misuse, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Electronic nicotine delivery system use is related to higher odds of alcohol and marijuana use in adolescents: Meta-analytic evidence.Addictive behaviors · 2020Pooled it
- Building Bridges to a Brighter Tomorrow: A Systematic Evidence Review of Interventions That Prepare Adolescents for Adulthood.American journal of public health · 2018Pooled it
- Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS): A Common Neurogenetic Trait/State of All Addictions: Is this the new DSM?British journal of healthcare and medical research · 2026Article
- Examining the continuity of modifiable cancer-risk behaviors from youth into adulthood through prospective longitudinal studies: A scoping review.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2025Article
- Childhood Depression, Hopelessness, and Suicidal Attempt Predict Earlier Tobacco and Marijuana Use Initiation During Adolescence.Open journal of medical sciences · 2025Article
- Cohort Profile: The Woodlawn Study.Journal of developmental and life-course criminology · 2023Article
- Mutation of the α5 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit increases ethanol and nicotine consumption in adolescence and impacts adult drug consumption.Neuropharmacology · 2022Article
- Using Mendelian randomization to explore the gateway hypothesis: possible causal effects of smoking initiation and alcohol consumption on substance use outcomes.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2022Article
- Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS): A Cytoarchitectural Common Neurobiological Trait of All Addictions.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Sex differences in the association between parental monitoring and substance use initiation among adolescents.Addictive behaviors · 2021Article
- Influence of gender and education on cocaine users in an outpatient cohort in Spain.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Shared Decision-Making Model for Adolescent Smoking Cessation: Pilot Cohort Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Multifactorial Etiology of Adolescent Nicotine Addiction: A Review of the Neurobiology of Nicotine Addiction and Its Implications for Smoking Cessation Pharmacotherapy.Frontiers in public health · 2021Review
- Transition in Smoking Stages and Its Relationship with Family Psychological Function and Perceived Social Support in Adolescents of Tabriz, Iran.International journal of preventive medicine · 2021Article
- Identifying Early Risk Factors for Addiction Later in Life: A Review of Prospective Longitudinal Studies.Current addiction reports · 2020Article
- The link between schizophrenia and substance use disorder: A unifying hypothesis.Schizophrenia research · 2018Review
- Characterizing the intersection of Co-occurring risk factors for illicit drug abuse and dependence in a U.S. nationally representative sample.Preventive medicine · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEven though the association between cigarette smoking and later substance use has been shown, there is still no compelling evidence that demonstrates the long-term effects in a high drug using community in African Americans. Few studies have examined the mediating mechanisms of the effect of adolescent cigarette smoking on the drug progression pathway.
objectivesWe examined the long-term influence of adolescent smoking on later illegal drug use in a cohort of urban African Americans, and the mediating role of educational attainment in the drug progression pathway.
methodsThe study used a longitudinal dataset from the Woodlawn Project that followed 1,242 African Americans from 1966-1967 (at age 6-7) through 2002-2003 (at age 42-43). We used the propensity score matching method to find a regular and a nonregular adolescent smoking group that had similar childhood characteristics; we used the matched sample to assess the association between adolescent smoking and drug progression, and the mediating role of educational attainment.
resultsAdolescent regular smokers showed significantly higher odds of using marijuana, cocaine, and heroin, having alcohol abuse problems and any drug dependence, and abuse problems in adulthood. We found that educational attainment mediated most of the drug progression pathway, including cigarette smoking, marijuana, cocaine and heroin use, and drug dependence or abuse problems in adulthood, but not alcohol abuse.
conclusionsMore focus needs to be put on high school dropout and development of interventions in community settings for African Americans to alter the pathway for drug progression for adolescents who use cigarettes regularly.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.