ArticleThe American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene2016
Independent Evaluation of the integrated Community Case Management of Childhood Illness Strategy in Malawi Using a National Evaluation Platform Design.
Article in The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Conceptualisation and application of implementation strength in public health programmes within health systems: a systematic review.BMC health services research · 2026Pooled it
- Analysis of the institutionalisation of Integrated Community Case Management and its implications for access to community healthcare since 2019 in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review.BMC primary care · 2026Pooled it
- The role of community health worker-based care in post-conflict settings: a systematic review.Health policy and planning · 2023Pooled it
- Systematic review of interventions for improving the performance of community health workers in low-income and middle-income countries.BMJ open · 2017Pooled it
- Effects of proactive vs fixed community health care delivery on child health and access to care: a cluster randomised trial secondary endpoint analysis.Journal of global health · 2023Trial
- Improving Community Health Worker performance by using a personalised feedback dashboard for supervision: a randomised controlled trial.Journal of global health · 2018Trial
- Health service readiness and quality for sick child care: an effective coverage analysis in eight low- and middle-income countries.Journal of global health · 2025Article
- Measuring the strength of maternal, newborn and child health care implementation and its association with childhood mortality risk in three rural districts of Tanzania.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- From raw data to a score: comparing quantitative methods that construct multi-level composite implementation strength scores of family planning programs in Malawi.Population health metrics · 2022Article
- Strengthening effectiveness evaluations to improve programs for women, children and adolescents.Global health action · 2022Article
- Improving health and social systems for all children in LMICs: structural innovations to deliver high-quality services.Lancet (London, England) · 2022Review
- Factors associated with the referral of children with severe illnesses at primary care level in Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study.BMJ open · 2021Article
- The Community Health Systems Reform Cycle: Strengthening the Integration of Community Health Worker Programs Through an Institutional Reform Perspective.Global health, science and practice · 2021Article
- The role of governance in implementing sustainable global health interventions: review of health system integration for integrated community case management (iCCM) of childhood illnesses.BMJ global health · 2021Review
- Article
- District Health Teams' Readiness to Institutionalize Integrated Community Case Management in the Uganda Local Health Systems: A Repeated Qualitative Study.Global health, science and practice · 2020Article
- Determinants of healthcare seeking for childhood illnesses among caregivers of under-five children in urban slums in Malawi: a population-based cross-sectional study.BMC pediatrics · 2020Article
- Closing the inequality gaps in reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health coverage: slow and fast progressors.BMJ global health · 2020Article
- Proactive community case management and child survival: protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial.BMJ open · 2019Article
- Evidence of Impact: iCCM as a strategy to save lives of children under five.Journal of global health · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We evaluated the impact of integrated community case management of childhood illness (iCCM) on careseeking for childhood illness and child mortality in Malawi, using a National Evaluation Platform dose-response design with 27 districts as units of analysis. "Dose" variables included density of iCCM providers, drug availability, and supervision, measured through a cross-sectional cellular telephone survey of all iCCM-trained providers. "Response" variables were changes between 2010 and 2014 in careseeking and mortality in children aged 2-59 months, measured through household surveys. iCCM implementation strength was not associated with changes in careseeking or mortality. There were fewer than one iCCM-ready provider per 1,000 under-five children per district. About 70% of sick children were taken outside the home for care in both 2010 and 2014. Careseeking from iCCM providers increased over time from about 2% to 10%; careseeking from other providers fell by a similar amount. Likely contributors to the failure to find impact include low density of iCCM providers, geographic targeting of iCCM to "hard-to-reach" areas although women did not identify distance from a provider as a barrier to health care, and displacement of facility careseeking by iCCM careseeking. This suggests that targeting iCCM solely based on geographic barriers may need to be reconsidered.
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