Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26786978›Full record

ArticleClinical & experimental metastasis2016

The predictive capacity of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in response assessment of brain metastases following radiation.

Raphael Jakubovic, Stephanie Zhou, Chris Heyn, Hany Soliman, Liyang Zhang, Richard Aviv, Arjun Sahgal

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical & experimental metastasis, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Article
  3. A hybrid [European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2025
    Observational
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Simultaneous Metabolic and Perfusion Imaging Using HyperpolarizedInternational journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics · 2020
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Current approaches to the management of brain metastases.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2020
    Review
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Review
  16. Brain metastases: neuroimaging.Handbook of clinical neurology · 2018
    Review
  17. Prospective study ofBMC cancer · 2017
    Article
  18. Observational
  19. HyperpolarizedNeuro-oncology advances
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Raphael JakubovicDepartment of Medical Imaging, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Stephanie ZhouDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada.
Chris HeynDepartment of Medical Imaging, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Hany SolimanDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada.
Liyang ZhangDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada.
Richard AvivDepartment of Medical Imaging, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Arjun SahgalDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada. arjunsahgal@yahoo.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

To investigate the predictive capacity of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) as a biomarker of radiation response in brain metastases. Seventy brain metastases from 42 patients treated with either stereotactic radiosurgery or whole brain radiotherapy were imaged at baseline, 1 week, and 1 month post-treatment using diffusion-weighted MRI. Mean and median relative ADC for metastases was calculated by normalizing ADC measurements to baseline ADC. At 1 year post-treatment, or last available follow-up MRI, volume criteria determined final tumour response status. Uni- and multivariate analysis was used to account for factors associated with tumour response at 1 week and 1 month. A generalized estimating equations model took into consideration multiple tumours per subject. Optimal thresholds that distinguished responders from non-responders, as well as sensitivity and specificity were determined by receiver operator characteristic analysis and Youden's index. Lower relative ADC values distinguished responders from non-responders at 1 week and 1 month (P < 0.05). Optimal cut-off values for response were 1.060 at 1 week with a sensitivity and specificity of 75.0 and 56.3 %, respectively. At 1 month, the cut-off was 0.971 with a sensitivity and specificity of 70.0 and 68.8 %, respectively. A multivariate general estimating equations analysis identified no prior radiation [odds ratio (OR) 0.211 and 0.137, P = 0.033 and 0.0177], and a lower median relative ADC at 1 week and 1 month (OR 0.619 and 0.694, P = 0.0036 and 0.005), as predictors of tumour response. Lower relative ADC values at 1 week and 1 month following radiation distinguished responders from non-responders and may be a promising biomarker of early radiation response.

Indexed as

Brain NeoplasmsDiffusion Magnetic Resonance ImagingFemaleHumansImage Interpretation, Computer-AssistedMaleMiddle AgedRadiosurgeryRadiotherapyROC CurveTreatment OutcomeADCBrain metastasesMRIResponseStereotactic radiosurgery

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.