ArticleBMC plant biology2016
WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX 2 is important for protoderm and suspensor development in the gymnosperm Norway spruce.
Article in BMC plant biology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- WUSCHEL in forest trees: evolutionary organizer, vascular architect, and totipotency switch.Plant molecular biology · 2026Review
- Advances in the use of morphogenic regulators and peptide regenerating factors for boosting plant transformation and genome editing.Frontiers in plant science · 2026Review
- Genomic Features and Predicted 3D Structures of the CcWOX Transcription Factors inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Transcriptional dynamics and functions of WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) genes from Ginkgo biloba in tissue culture.BMC plant biology · 2025Article
- Evolutionary Insight and Expression Pattern of WUSCHEL-Related Homebox Genes ofFood science & nutrition · 2025Article
- Transcriptome-wide identification and characterization of WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) gene family in Pinus yunnanensis.BMC genomics · 2025Article
- Plant Growth Regulators: An Overview of WOX Gene Family.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Application of Developmental Regulators for Enhancing Plant Regeneration and Genetic Transformation.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Genome-wide prediction and functional analysis of WOX genes in blueberry.BMC genomics · 2024Article
- Combating browning: mechanisms and management strategies inForestry research · 2024Review
- Involvement of 5mC DNA demethylationForestry research · 2023Article
- Induction of Somatic Embryogenesis in Plants: Different Players and Focus on WUSCHEL and WUS-RELATED HOMEOBOX (WOX) Transcription Factors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Constitutive Overexpression of a ConiferFrontiers in plant science · 2022Article
- Transcriptomic Analysis Reveal the Molecular Mechanisms of Seed Coat Development inFrontiers in plant science · 2022Article
- Mini review: Application of the somatic embryogenesis technique in conifer species.Forestry research · 2022Review
- Article
- Review
- Somatic Embryo Yield and Quality From Norway Spruce Embryogenic Tissue Proliferated in Suspension Culture.Frontiers in plant science · 2021Article
- Regulation of Somatic Embryo Development in Norway Spruce.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2020Article
- A fern WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX gene functions in both gametophyte and sporophyte generations.BMC plant biology · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDistinct expression domains of WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX (WOX) gene family members are involved in patterning and morphogenesis of the early embryo in Arabidopsis. However, the role of WOX genes in other taxa, including gymnosperms, remains elusive. Here, we use somatic embryos and reverse genetics for studying expression and function of PaWOX2, the corresponding homolog of AtWOX2 in the gymnosperm Picea abies (Pa; Norway spruce).
resultsThe mRNA level of PaWOX2 was transiently up-regulated during early and late embryogeny. PaWOX2 mRNA in early and early late embryos was detected both in the embryonal mass and in the upper part of the suspensor. Down-regulation of PaWOX2 during development of early embryos resulted in aberrant early embryos, which failed to form a proper protoderm. Cells on the surface layer of the embryonal mass became vacuolated, and new embryogenic tissue differentiated from the embryonal mass. In addition, the aberrant early embryos lacked a distinct border between the embryonal mass, and the suspensor and the length of the suspensor cells was reduced. Down-regulation of PaWOX2 in the beginning of embryo development, before late embryos were formed, caused a significant decrease in the yield of mature embryos. On the contrary, down-regulation of PaWOX2 after late embryos were formed had no effect on further embryo development and maturation.
conclusionsOur data suggest an evolutionarily conserved function of WOX2 in protoderm formation early during embryo development among seed plants. In addition, PaWOX2 might exert a unique function in suspensor expansion in gymnosperms.
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