ArticlePloS one2016
Characterization of Bacterial Communities in Selected Smokeless Tobacco Products Using 16S rDNA Analysis.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Impact of sudanese chewing tobacco toombak on oral bacteria - a culture-based pilot study.Clinical oral investigations · 2026Article
- Evaluating the Impact of Little Cigar Use on the Oral Bacterial Microbiota of Cigarette Smokers.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Viable, Multi-Drug-Resistant Bacteria Recovered from E-Liquids Used with Commercial Electronic Cigarettes.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Linear Dimensionality Reduction Methods for Analyzing Structured Biomedical Data: Existing Research and Future Opportunities.Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Computational statistics · 2025Review
- Lower Respiratory Tract Microbiome Signatures of Health and Lung Cancer Across Different Smoking Statuses.Cancers · 2025Article
- Shaping the future of tobacco through microbial insights: a review of advances and applications.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Review
- Bacterial community structure associated with smokeless tobacco reference products under different storage conditions and durations.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- 16S rDNA-Based Amplicon Analysis Unveiled a Correlation Between the Bacterial Diversity and Antibiotic Resistance Genes of Bacteriome of Commercial Smokeless Tobacco Products.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Microbial community and functions involved in smokeless tobacco product: a metagenomic approach.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Smokeless Tobacco Harbors Bacteria Involved in Biofilm Formation as Well as Salt and Heavy Metal Tolerance Activity.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2024Article
- An update on the formation in tobacco, toxicity and carcinogenicity of N'-nitrosonornicotine and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone.Carcinogenesis · 2024Review
- Alteration of oral bacteriome of smokeless tobacco users and their association with oral cancer.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2023Article
- Fungal Community Composition and Function Associated with Loose Smokeless Tobacco Products.Current microbiology · 2023Article
- Conventional tobacco products harbor unique and heterogenous microbiomes.Environmental research · 2023Article
- Study on the correlation between the dominant microflora and the main flavor substances in the fermentation process of cigar tobacco leaves.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- What Can We Learn about the Bias of Microbiome Studies from Analyzing Data from Mock Communities?Genes · 2022Article
- Smokeless tobacco consumption induces dysbiosis of oral mycobiome: a pilot study.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2022Article
- Bacterial communities of hookah tobacco products are diverse and differ across brands and flavors.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2022Article
- Composition and Ecological Functionality of Fungal Communities Associated with Smokeless Tobacco Products Mainly Consumed in India.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The bacterial communities present in smokeless tobacco (ST) products have not previously reported. In this study, we used Next Generation Sequencing to study the bacteria present in U.S.-made dry snuff, moist snuff and Sudanese toombak. Sample diversity and taxonomic abundances were investigated in these products. A total of 33 bacterial families from four phyla, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes, were identified. U.S.-produced dry snuff products contained a diverse distribution of all four phyla. Moist snuff products were dominated by Firmicutes. Toombak samples contained mainly Actinobacteria and Firmicutes (Aerococcaceae, Enterococcaceae, and Staphylococcaceae). The program PICRUSt (Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States) was used to impute the prevalence of genes encoding selected bacterial toxins, antibiotic resistance genes and other pro-inflammatory molecules. PICRUSt also predicted the presence of specific nitrate reductase genes, whose products can contribute to the formation of carcinogenic nitrosamines. Characterization of microbial community abundances and their associated genomes gives us an indication of the presence or absence of pathways of interest and can be used as a foundation for further investigation into the unique microbiological and chemical environments of smokeless tobacco products.
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