ReviewNature immunology2016
Interleukin 33 is a guardian of barriers and a local alarmin.
Review in Nature immunology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 240 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
240 citing papers in PubMed.
- Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of itepekimab in healthy adults and patients with asthma: Phase I first-in-human and first-in-patient trials.Clinical and translational science · 2022Trial
- Brief Report: Statin Effects on Myocardial Fibrosis Markers in People Living With HIV.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2018Trial
- Proteogenomic characterization of pulmonary large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma identifies molecular features and therapeutic strategy.Science advances · 2026Article
- Mechanisms of the IL-33/ST2 Signaling Axis in Regulating Bone Metabolism.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Influenza A/PR8 virus infection in mice suppresses basal and Oncostatin M-induced IL-33 expression in vivo and in vitro.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- BDNF and IL-33 Dynamics in an Ultrasound Stress Model of Fibromyalgia-like Phenotypes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Prolonged IL-33 Exposure Switches the Secreted Mast Cell Cytokine Profile From Pro-Inflammatory to Pro-Tolerant.Allergy · 2026Article
- Article
- Interleukin-33 Promotes Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation To Aggravate Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Through ST2/PI3K/Akt and ST2/PAD4 Pathways.Inflammation · 2026Article
- Constitutively high levels of endogenous soluble ST2 inhibit food allergic responses in mice.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- IL-33 Alleviates Sepsis-Induced Liver Injury by Regulating the NF-κB/BCL-2 Pathway.Current medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
- Emerging Insights into the Inflammatory Phenotypes of Eosinophilic Esophagitis.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Review
- The IL-33-ILC2 axis: a key regulator of type 2 immunity in respiratory disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Advances in cellular and molecular mechanisms of trauma-induced organ inflammation and dysfunction.Burns & trauma · 2026Review
- Maternal high-fat, high-sucrose diet-induced excess adiposity is linked to placental hypoxia and disruption of fetoplacental immune homeostasis in late gestation†.Biology of reproduction · 2025Article
- Interleukin-33-Mediated Mechanical-Loading Induced Degeneration of Knee Joint Chondrocytes.FASEB bioAdvances · 2025Article
- Maternal Diet-Induced Excess Adiposity in Mice Disrupts Mid-Gestation Decidual Immune and Vascular Homeostasis Without Impairing Spiral Artery Remodeling.Acta physiologica (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- Pro-endometriosis macrophage release of IL-33 is key for endometriosis pain and lesion formation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Inflammatory Markers and Microbiome Dysbiosis in Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Recipients with Lung Graft-versus-Host Disease.Transplantation and cellular therapy · 2025Article
- MiR-221-3p Attenuates IL-33-Induced Mast Cell Cytokine Expression by Targeting KIT.International forum of allergy & rhinology · 2025Article
180 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Interleukin 33 (IL-33) is a member of the IL-1 family of cytokines with a growing number of target cells and a plethora of biological functions. Although it has commonalities with other IL-1 cytokines, IL-33 exhibits some unique features. Here we review the biology of IL-33 and its receptor and develop a working model that describes two 'lives' for IL-33-one intracellular and one extracellular. Under healthy conditions, constitutively produced, intracellular IL-33 participates in maintaining barrier function by regulating gene expression as a nuclear protein. In parallel, nuclear IL-33 functions as a stored alarmin that is released when barriers are breached. Extracellular IL-33 coordinates immune defense and repair mechanisms while also initiating differentiation of helper T cells as the adaptive immune response is triggered.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.