ReviewNature reviews. Neurology2016
Suspected non-Alzheimer disease pathophysiology--concept and controversy.
Review in Nature reviews. Neurology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 175 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
175 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 294 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review and Aggregated Analysis on the Impact of Amyloid PET Brain Imaging on the Diagnosis, Diagnostic Confidence, and Management of Patients being Evaluated for Alzheimer's Disease.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2018Pooled it
- Lower regional gray matter volume in the absence of higher cortical amyloid burden in late-life depression.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Diagnostic value of amyloid-PET and tau-PET: a head-to-head comparison.European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2021Trial
- Regionally specific changes in the hippocampal circuitry accompany progression of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in preclinical Alzheimer's disease.Human brain mapping · 2018Trial
- Multimodal neuroimaging in dementia and neurodegenerative disorders: complementary roles of clinically available nuclear medicine and MRI in the era of disease-modifying therapies.Japanese journal of radiology · 2026Review
- Comparative Prognostic Performance of Hippocampal Volume and Plasma Biomarkers in Amyloid-Negative Subjective Cognitive Decline: A Four-Year Follow-up.Journal of clinical neurology (Seoul, Korea) · 2026Article
- Cortical thickness changes precede high levels of amyloid by at least 7 years.Nature neuroscience · 2026Article
- Differential atrophy along the longitudinal axis of the hippocampus in Alzheimer's disease and suspected non-Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology (SNAP).Neuroradiology · 2026Article
- Review
- Differences in cognitive performance and neuroanatomy according to Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology.Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria · 2026Article
- Reduced serum AHR agonistic activity reflects amyloid dysregulation in AT1 subtypes of Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2026Article
- Additive value of early-phase β-Amyloid-PET for the differential diagnosis of non-Alzheimer's disease dementia.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2026Article
- Association of cerebrospinal fluid amphiphysin-1 levels with cognition and Alzheimer's disease pathology biomarkers.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Article
- Characterizing choroid plexus cyst burden across the Alzheimer's disease continuum.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2025Observational
- Primary age-related tauopathy.Acta neuropathologica · 2025Review
- Cerebral amyloid-β, glucose metabolism and hippocampal volume in major depression with and without suspected non-Alzheimer pathophysiology (SNAP).Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2025Article
- Peripheral Inflammation Is Associated With Greater Neuronal Injury and Lower Episodic Memory Among Late Middle-Aged Adults.Journal of neurochemistry · 2025Article
- Cerebral perfusion is correlated with cerebral metabolism and amyloid deposition in Alzheimer's disease.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Distinct Characteristics of Suspected Non-Alzheimer Pathophysiology in Relation to Cognitive Status and Cerebrovascular Burden.Clinical nuclear medicine · 2025Article
- Risk factors and clinical significance of neurodegenerative co-pathologies in symptomatic cerebral small vessel disease.Journal of neurology · 2025Article
115 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 11 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Suspected non-Alzheimer disease pathophysiology (SNAP) is a biomarker-based concept that applies to individuals with normal levels of amyloid-β biomarkers in the brain, but in whom biomarkers of neurodegeneration are abnormal. The term SNAP has been applied to clinically normal individuals (who do not meet criteria for either mild cognitive impairment or dementia) and to individuals with mild cognitive impairment, but is applicable to any amyloid-negative, neurodegeneration-positive individual regardless of clinical status, except when the pathology underlying neurodegeneration can be reliably inferred from the clinical presentation. SNAP is present in ∼23% of clinically normal individuals aged >65 years and in ∼25% of mildly cognitively impaired individuals. APOE*ε4 is underrepresented in individuals with SNAP compared with amyloid-positive individuals. Clinically normal and mildly impaired individuals with SNAP have worse clinical and/or cognitive outcomes than individuals with normal levels of neurodegeneration and amyloid-β biomarkers. In this Perspectives article, we describe the available data on SNAP and address topical controversies in the field.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.